A new, readily accessed and low-cost, device for treating depressed ping pong fractures non-surgically: Technical note.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe a low-cost and readily accessed Manual Aspiration Reduction System (MARS) for use treating ping-pong fractures in three patients.

Methods: The MARS is composed of a pediatric anesthesia mask, part of a macro dripper, a 3-way stopcock, and two 60-ml syringes. Prior to its use in our patient, the system was tested on five adult volunteers to maximum negative pressure, and none reported pain during the procedure or experienced any other complication.

A new, low-cost device to treat depressed "ping-pong" fractures non-surgically: technical note.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe a low-cost and readily accessed Manual Aspiration Reduction System (MARS) for use treating neonatal ping-pong fractures.

Methods: The MARS is composed of a pediatric anesthesia mask, part of a macro dripper, a 3-way stopcock, and two 60-ml syringes. Prior to its use in our patient, the system was tested on five adult volunteers to maximum negative pressure, and none reported pain during the procedure or experienced any other complication.

Three-dimensional imaging as a teaching method in anterior circulation aneurysm surgery.

Objective: Our objective is to present and asses the utility of three-dimensional (3D) intraoperative imaging as a teaching method for anterior circulation aneurysm surgery.

Methods: The senior author's experience in anterior circulation aneurysm surgery during a 28-month period was documented and processed as 3D images and compared with two-dimensional (2D) images. Both 2D and 3D sets of images were created, and, along with a specially designed questionnaire, 30 physicians (15 experienced cerebrovascular surgeons and 15 neurosurgical trainees) were asked to answer the query and state the advantages and disadvantages of both methods.

Soft tissue assessment in midface advancement: the use of regional flaps to enhance facial projection.

Classically, soft tissue repair when indicated is done before or after the skeletal mobilization especially in those cases that present midface deficiency with severe midline soft tissue restriction by scars or congenital affectation. The distraction osteogenesis method has contributed to improve substantially this problem elongating bones, muscles, and ligaments, but some situations need specific and more precise reconstruction of the subunits to gain in aesthetics. The labial-columella junction, the tip of the nose, and the more projecting point of the cheeks are one of these exigent anatomic areas, where only sophisticated reconstruction by flaps can improve facial proportions and projections.

Thyrotropin receptor antibodies in parotid saliva.

Parotid saliva was collected with a Carlson-Crittenden device, under citric acid stimulation, in 18 patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Thyrotropin Receptor Antibodies (TRAb) were measured with a radioreceptor assay in parotid saliva and in serum in the same patients, and a statistical analysis of the data was performed. TRAb levels in parotid saliva were higher than in serum in the 3 pathologies studied (Graves' disease, Hashitoxicosis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis).

[TSH receptor antibodies as a recurrence index of Graves disease treated with antithyroid drugs].

TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) measured by the TBI residual assay (TBIr) were studied in 3 groups of Graves disease patients, as follows: 54 non treated cases (Group 1), 20 cases under methimazol treatment (Group 2) and 23 patients who were euthyroid after one year of methimazol treatment (Group 3), in order to evaluate the usefulness of TBIr as a recurrence index in Graves disease following antithyroid drug treatment. In group 1, TBIr was positive in 77.7% (45/54) of the cases.

Effect of testosterone on proteoglycans in the submandibular glands of the rat.

The proteoglycans in the submandibular salivary glands of castrated male Wistar rats were studied before and after the daily administration of testosterone propionate (TP) for one month. Castration decreased the weight of the glands and their uronic acid content. The administration of TP reversed these effects.

Effects of castration and androgens upon prostatic proteoglycans in rats.

In studies performed on male Wistar rats, castration induced atrophy of the prostate with a marked increase in the uronic acid content. The administration of testosterone propionate to castrated rats produced opposite effects. Fractionation of the glycosaminoglycans on cellulose microcolumns showed that the changes in uronic acid content in the dorsolateral lobes were due to variations in hyaluronic acid, chondroitin-4-sulfate, and dermatan sulfate, but in the ventral lobes, there were changes in all the chromatographic fractions.

Effects of isoproterenol on I131 uptake by the submaxillary glands in mice.

DL-isoproterenol hydrochloride (1 mg/kg body weight/day) was subcutaneously administered to male A2G mice during 15 or 45 days. The sympathetic superior cervical ganglion of each mouse was resected on the right side, two days before beginning the injections. At the end of the injection period, the I131 submaxillary/plasma ratios and I131 thyroid uptake (%) were measured 3 hours after a tracer dose.

Changes in human parotid salivary protein and sialic acid levels during pregnancy.

Saliva was collected with a Carlson-Crittenden device, under citric acid stimulation, in 107 pregnant women, 9 puerperal and 7 non-pregnant controls. No significant changes were found in salivary flow rate, pH and amylase levels. The total protein levels were decreased during pregnancy and the puerperium.

Effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids on hair waves in castrated mice.

The effects of nandrolone phenylpropionate and decanoate, androstanolone and testosterone propionate, in daily doses from 3 to 100 micrograms during a month, on the diffuse hair wave seen after gonadectomy, were studied in male C 57 mice. The androgenic effects upon anterior prostate weight and the anabolic effects upon levator ani muscle and submaxillary gland weight, were also evaluated. The four steroid compounds used in these experiments had a strong inhibitory effect upon the hair growth waves which was stronger in the anabolic steroids than with testosterone propionate.

Influence of thyroid function upon "Substance P" induced secretion of saliva by submaxillary glands.

The effects of changes in thyroid function on the action of "Substance P" upon the secretion of saliva by the submaxillary glands was studied in male Wistar rats, with parasympathetic decentralization on the left side. The dose-response curves to increasing doses of "Substance P" showed in hyperthyroid animals increased salivary secretion while in hypothyroid animals the dose-response curve to the drug was decreased. Every animal showed supersentivity to "Substance P" in the decentralized gland.

Thyroid hormone modulation of VIP's induced salivary secretion in the submaxillary glands of rats.

The effect of changes in thyroid function upon vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) induced secretion of saliva were studied in male Wistar rats. Hyperthyroidism was induced by the sc administration every 12 h of 10 micrograms/100 g bw of I-triiodothyronine; hypothyroidism was induced by surgical thyroidectomy 2 weeks before the experiments. Preganglionar parasympathetic denervation was induced by sectioning the chorda tympani on the left side.

Inhibitory action of dipyrone on rat thyroid peroxidase and lactoperoxidase activities.

Previous studies have shown that phenylbutazone, another pyrazolone, inhibits thyroid peroxidase activity and interferes with iodide organification. We have developed "in vitro" studies with rat particulated peroxidase and lactoperoxidase (LPO) to study the effects of dipyrone upon thyroid peroxidase and to determine the type of inhibition. The 3-monoiodothyrosine (MIT) and 3,5-diiodothyrosine (DIT) synthesis was markedly affected by 6 X 10(-4) M dipyrone with inhibitions of 59% and 30% respectively.

Thyroid hormone regulation of adrenergic receptors and beta-adrenergic responsiveness in the rat submandibular gland.

The effects of altered thyroid function on the sensitivity of isoproterenol induced secretion of saliva and in the characteristics of adrenergic receptors from the rat submandibular gland were examined. Hyperthyroidism produced an increased sensitivity to beta-adrenergic stimulation of the gland, and this phenomenon was associated with an increase in the number of beta and alpha 1-adrenoceptors. On the other hand, surgical thyroidectomy produced a decrease sensitivity to isoproterenol stimulation of the submandibular gland and a diminished density of beta-adrenoceptors.

Effects of indomethacin on thyroid iodine metabolism.

Several alterations of thyroid function parameters have been reported in animals treated with indomethacin, and we have studied the effect of this drug on the intrathyroidal iodine metabolism in Wistar rats. Indomethacin was administered by an esophagic tube in two doses (total = 6 mg) given at 0 and 5 hours in experiment I and three doses (total = 9 mg) given at 0, 10 and 23 hours in experiment II. No significant differences in thyroid weight, thyroidal 131I uptake and (131I) iodoaminoacids distribution was observed between the controls and indomethacin treated rats in experiments I and II.

Effects of cyproterone and tamoxifen upon the hair waves in mice.

The effects of cyproterone and of tamoxifen citrate upon the hair waves were studied in normal and castrated C57 mice. Cyproterone (1 mg/day) had no effect upon the hair waves in normal male mice and produced a slight inhibition of the diffuse growth induced by their castration. Tamoxifen citrate (1 mg/day) had no effect upon the hair waves in normal female mice and produced a marked inhibition (0.

Modifications of the pituitary-thyroid axis induced by hypobaric hypoxia.

The effects of simulated altitude induced by a decompression chamber upon the blood levels of thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), measured by radioimmunoassay, were studied in male Wistar rats. When blood was extracted during the first 15 minutes after the rats were removed from the chamber and analysed, it was found that TSH levels decreased at 380 mmHg during 24 hours and sometimes at 440 mmHg during 24 hours, but this did not happen when the exposure lasted a week. Likewise, serum levels of T4 and T3 decreased at 440 mmHg during 24 hours, but they did not decrease using the same exposure during a week.

Effects of thyroid function on submaxillary gland sensitivity to autonomic nervous drugs.

The effect of changes in thyroid function on the action of autonomic drugs upon the secretion of saliva by the submaxillary glands was studied in male Wistar rats. Hyperthyroidism was induced by the sc administration every 12 h of 10 micrograms/100 g bw of L-triiodothyronine; hypothyroidism was induced by surgical thyroidectomy 2 weeks before the experiments. The dose-response curves to increasing doses of isoprenaline, norepinephrine or methacholine showed in hyperthyroid animals increased salivary secretion, while in hypothyroid animals the dose-response to the drug was reduced.

Bilateral ovarian hypertrophy in pituitary-grafted rats.

Large masses that looked like tumours were found in place of the ovaries in rats with isotransplants of pituitaries, 11 months after this procedure. They were interpreted as being due to masive bilateral cystic hyperplasia and hypertrophy of both ovaries.

Effect of acute hypoxia on blood TSH levels.

The effect of simulated altitude produced by decompression chambers upon the thyroid function was studied in female rats. A significant decrease in blood TSH levels was found when the rats were maintained during 24 hours at a pressure of 0.4 atmosphere, but not at a pressure of 0.

Effects of indomethacin upon 131I uptake by thyroid and submaxillary glands in mice.

The administration of indomethacin to male A2G mice induced a marked decrease in the 131I uptake by the thyroid, but it did not influence the 131I uptake by the submaxillary glands.

Effects of halogenated analogues of cortisol and progesterone upon hair growth in castrated mice.

Several synthetic analogues of cortisol and progesterone were compared to cortisol in their effect of inhibiting the hair growth waves in castrated male C3H/Ep mice. This inhibitory effect was enhanced by fluorination at C-9 alpha and by methylation at C-16 alpha; it decreased by hydroxylation at C-17 alpha and C-21, by removal of hydroxyl group at C-11 and by the addition to bromine to C-12 alpha; it was not modified by oxidation of the hydroxyl group at C-11 or by the delta 1-4 substitution. There was a correlation between the glucocorticoid and hair inhibiting potencies in the cortisol analogues, but some progesterone analogues with very low glucocorticoid activity have marked hair inhibitory effects.