Micronutrient status and risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in Indonesian tuberculosis case contacts.

Background: Certain micronutrient levels have been associated with the risk of developing TB disease. We explored the possible association of selected at-risk micronutrient levels with the development of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection.

Clinical Trial: Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of the Alpha-2-Delta Ligand PD-217,014 in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Introduction: Despite the emergence of drugs to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), improving abdominal pain can still be challenging. αδ ligands, such as gabapentin and pregabalin, are sometimes used off-label to tackle this problem. However, evidence for efficacy is limited, and no large-scale studies have been published.

Prebiotics in food and dietary supplements: a roadmap to EU health claims.

Numerous studies have established that prebiotic ingredients in foods and dietary supplements may play a role in supporting human health. Over the three decades that have passed since prebiotics were first defined as a concept, research has revealed a complex universe of prebiotic-induced changes to the human microbiota. There are strong indications of a direct link between these prebiotic-induced changes and specific health benefits.

Associations Between Earlier Menarche and Fibroid Severity in Individuals Seeking Hysterectomy.

Early menarche is associated with uterine fibroid risk, but the association between menarcheal timing and fibroid severity remains to be explored. Given the hormonal dependence of fibroids, earlier menarche may increase physical burden (e.g.

Connectomic reconstruction predicts visual features used for navigation.

Many animals use visual information to navigate, but how such information is encoded and integrated by the navigation system remains incompletely understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, EPG neurons in the central complex compute the heading direction by integrating visual input from ER neurons, which are part of the anterior visual pathway (AVP). Here we densely reconstruct all neurons in the AVP using electron-microscopy data.

Novel Irritable Bowel Syndrome Subgroups are Reproducible in the Global Adult Population.

Background & Aims: Current classification systems for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) based on bowel habit do not consider psychological impact. We validated a classification model in a UK population with confirmed IBS, using latent class analysis, incorporating psychological factors. We applied this model in the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiological Survey (RFGES), assessing impact of IBS on the individual and the health care system, and examining reproducibility.

TIGITTfh show poor B-helper function and negatively correlate with SARS-CoV-2 antibody titre.

Circulating follicular helper T cells (cTfh) can show phenotypic alterations in disease settings, including in the context of tissue-damaging autoimmune or anti-viral responses. Using severe COVID-19 as a paradigm of immune dysregulation, we have explored how cTfh phenotype relates to the titre and quality of antibody responses. Severe disease was associated with higher titres of neutralising S1 IgG and evidence of increased T cell activation.

The hair tales of women of color in Northern Manhattan: a qualitative analysis.

Introduction: Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as phthalates, can negatively impact maternal and child health, contributing to impaired fetal growth, preterm birth, and pregnancy complications, as well as increased downstream risks of cardiometabolic disease and breast cancer. Notably, women of color (WOC) are the largest consumers of personal care products, which are a common source of EDC exposure.

Methods: The Let's Reclaim Our Ancestral Roots (Let's R.

The impact of lung transplantation on esophageal motility and inter-relationships with reflux and lung mechanics in patients with restrictive and obstructive respiratory disease.

Background: For many patients with lung disease the only proven intervention to improve survival and quality of life is lung transplantation (LTx). Esophageal dysmotility and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) are common in patients with respiratory disease, and often associate with worse prognosis following LTx. Which, if any patients, should be excluded from LTx based on esophageal concerns remains unclear.

Mixed-Method, Multilevel Clustered-Randomized Control Trial for Menstrual Health Disparities.

Menstrual cycle characteristics are largely considered unmodifiable reproductive factors, a framing that prevents exploration of the ways structural factors interfere with menstrual health. Given the role of structural factors like healthy food and healthcare access on reproductive health and the grave need for structural interventions to known reproductive health disparities that disproportionately target cisgender women racialized as Black, it is imperative that science begin to examine how structural factors influence menstrual health. To explore such research, we employ critical race theory and intersectionality to illustrate what a structural intervention to improve menstrual cycle health could look like.

Urinary Androgens Provide Additional Evidence Related to Metabolism and Are Correlated With Serum Androgens in Girls.

Context: Androgen levels are generally measured in serum samples, but urine may be a more feasible option, especially in children, as it is a noninvasive alternative.

Objective: To assess the correlations of 10 urinary androgen metabolites with 4 serum androgens [dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), androstenedione, and total and free testosterone] and assess if their correlations differ by participant characteristics.

Methods: Our study consisted of 44 girls, ages 6-13, who participated in the New York site of the LEGACY Girls Study and had both serum and urine samples collected at the same visit.

Childhood physical activity and pubertal timing: findings from the LEGACY girls study.

Background: There is limited research on whether physical activity (PA) in early childhood is associated with the timing of pubertal events in girls.

Methods: We used data collected over 2011-16 from the LEGACY Girls Study (n = 984; primarily aged 6-13 years at study enrolment), a multicentre North American cohort enriched for girls with a breast cancer family history (BCFH), to evaluate if PA is associated with age at thelarche, pubarche and menarche. Maternal-reported questionnaire data measured puberty outcomes, PA in early childhood (ages 3-5 years) and total metabolic equivalents of organized PA in middle childhood (ages 7-9 years).

Micronutrient status of New Zealand adolescent women consuming vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets.

Background And Objectives: Globally, there appears to be an ever-increasing interest in adopting a vegetarian diet. However, there are concerns that avoiding meat may increase the risk of anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies, especially for vulnerable populations, such as adolescent women. The objective of this study was to compare the micronutrient status of vegetarian and non-vegetarian adolescent women in New Zealand.

Connectomic reconstruction predicts the functional organization of visual inputs to the navigation center of the brain.

Many animals, including humans, navigate their surroundings by visual input, yet we understand little about how visual information is transformed and integrated by the navigation system. In , compass neurons in the donut-shaped ellipsoid body of the central complex generate a sense of direction by integrating visual input from ring neurons, a part of the anterior visual pathway (AVP). Here, we densely reconstruct all neurons in the AVP using FlyWire, an AI-assisted tool for analyzing electron-microscopy data.

Systematic review of Internet of medical things for cardiovascular disease prevention among Australian first nations.

Chronic diseases within Indigenous communities constitute the most compelling ill-health burdens and treatment inequalities, particularly in rural and remote Australia. In response to these vital issues, a systematic literature review of the adoption of wearable, Artificial Intelligence-driven, electrocardiogram sensors, in a telehealth Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) context was conducted to scale up rural Indigenous health. To this end, four preselected scientific databases were chosen for data extraction to align with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) technique.

The effect of expectancy versus actual gluten intake on gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms in non-coeliac gluten sensitivity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international, multicentre study.

Background: Many individuals without coeliac disease or wheat allergy reduce their gluten intake because they believe that gluten causes their gastrointestinal symptoms. Symptoms could be affected by negative expectancy. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of expectancy versus actual gluten intake on symptoms in people with non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS).

Effects of variations in atmospheric temperature and humidity on the estimation of exclusive breastfeeding status using the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique.

Background: The deuterium dose-to-mother (DTM) method measures the human milk intake of breastfed children. Recently, the use of this method has been expanded to classify babies objectively as exclusively breast fed (EBF) or not (non-EBF) based on quantification of non-milk oral water intake (NMOI). However, the calculation of NMOI estimates involves atmospheric temperature and humidity.

Impact of milk secretor status on the fecal metabolome and microbiota of breastfed infants.

Maternal secretor status has been shown to be associated with the presence of specific fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), and the impact of maternal secretor status on infant gut microbiota measured through 16s sequencing has previously been reported. None of those studies have confirmed exclusive breastfeeding nor investigated the impact of maternal secretor status on gut microbial fermentation products. The present study focused on exclusively breastfed (EBF) Indonesian infants, with exclusive breastfeeding validated through the stable isotope deuterium oxide dose-to-mother (DTM) technique, and the impact of maternal secretor status on the infant fecal microbiome and metabolome.

IL-21 shapes germinal center polarization via light zone B cell selection and cyclin D3 upregulation.

Germinal center (GC) dysregulation has been widely reported in the context of autoimmunity. Here, we show that interleukin 21 (IL-21), the archetypal follicular helper T cell (Tfh) cytokine, shapes the scale and polarization of spontaneous chronic autoimmune as well as transient immunization-induced GC. We find that IL-21 receptor deficiency results in smaller GC that are profoundly skewed toward a light zone GC B cell phenotype and that IL-21 plays a key role in selection of light zone GC B cells for entry to the dark zone.

Immigrant generation status and its association with pubertal timing and tempo among Hispanic girls and boys.

Purpose: In the United States, Hispanic-Latino children reach puberty earlier on average than non-Hispanic white children. Yet among U.S.