Association between total, regional and organ fat and type 2 diabetes risk factors among Latino youth: A longitudinal study.

Introduction: To examine whether within-person changes in total, regional and organ fat were associated with within-person changes in type 2 diabetes (T2D)-related biomarkers following interventions.

Methods: A secondary analysis from a randomised trial among Latino youth (30 males, 25 females) aged 12-16 years with obesity. The study sample combined participants randomised to either lifestyle intervention (N = 39) or usual care (N = 16).

State-of-the-Art Quantification of Liver Iron With MRI-Vendor Implementation and Available Tools.

The role of MRI to estimate liver iron concentration (LIC) for identifying patients with iron overload and guiding the titration of chelation therapy is increasingly established for routine clinical practice. However, the existence of multiple MRI-based LIC quantification techniques limits standardization and widespread clinical adoption. In this article, we review the existing and widely accepted MRI-based LIC estimation methods at 1.

Linearity and bias of proton density fat fraction across the full dynamic range of 0-100%: a multiplatform, multivendor phantom study using 1.5T and 3T MRI at two sites.

Objective: Performance assessments of quantitative determinations of proton density fat fraction (PDFF) have largely focused on the range between 0 and 50%. We evaluate PDFF in a two-site phantom study across the full 0-100% PDFF range.

Materials And Methods: We used commercially available 3D chemical-shift-encoded water-fat MRI sequences from three MRI system vendors at 1.

Associations of infant feeding practices with abdominal and hepatic fat measures in childhood in the longitudinal Healthy Start Study.

Background: Infant feeding patterns have been linked with obesity risk in childhood, but associations with precise measures of body fat distribution are unclear.

Objective: We examined associations of infant feeding practices with abdominal fat and hepatic fat trajectories in childhood.

Methods: This study included 356 children in the Healthy Start Study, a prospective prebirth cohort in Colorado.

Feasibility of and experience using a portable MRI scanner in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Objective: A portable, low-field MRI system is now Food and Drug Administration cleared and has been shown to be safe and useful in adult intensive care unit settings. No neonatal studies have been performed. The objective is to assess our preliminary experience and assess feasibility of using the portable MRI system at the bedside in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at a quaternary children's hospital.

Validation of automated bone age analysis from hand radiographs in a North American pediatric population.

Background: Radiographic bone age assessment by automated software is precise and instantaneous.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of an automated tool for bone age assessment.

Materials And Methods: We compared a total of 586 bone age radiographs from 451 patients, which had been assessed by three radiologists from 2013 to 2018, with bone age analysis by BoneXpert, using the Greulich and Pyle method.

Cerebral perfusion and neurological examination characterise neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that cerebral blood flow (CBF) assessed with arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI is increased and standardised neurological examination is altered in infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) compared with those without.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Level IV neonatal intensive care unit and outpatient primary care centre.

Bone marrow adipose tissue content in Latino adolescents with prediabetes and obesity.

Objective: This study aimed to examine whether total, regional, and organ fat predicts bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) fat content and to explore whether BMAT fat content differs by sex among Latino youth.

Methods: Latino youth (n = 86; age 13.6 [1.

Practical application of in vivo MRI-based brown adipose tissue measurements in infants.

Objective: The role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in infant metabolism remains poorly understood, primarily because of the inherent limitation of positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging to measure BAT, which is not suitable for infants. The aims of this method development study were to assess the feasibility, intra-rater reliability, interscan repeatability, and physiological relevance of measuring BAT in infants using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: A total of 10 nonsedated infants (mean age, 22.

Advanced imaging use and payment trends in a large pediatric accountable care organization.

Background: Pediatric imaging use and payment trends in accountable care organizations (ACOs) are seldom studied but are important for health policy decisions and resource allocation.

Objective: To evaluate patterns of advanced imaging use and associated payments over a 7-year period at a large ACO in the USA serving a Medicaid population.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed paid claims data from 2011 through 2017 from an ACO, analyzing the MRI, CT and US use trends and payments from emergency department (ED) and outpatient encounters.

Brown Adipose Tissue, Adiposity, and Metabolic Profile in Preschool Children.

Context: An inverse relationship between brown adipose tissue (BAT) and obesity has previously been reported in older children and adults but is unknown in young children.

Objective: We investigated the influence of BAT in thermoneutral condition on adiposity and metabolic profile in Asian preschool children.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A total of 198 children aged 4.

Temperature-corrected proton density fat fraction estimation using chemical shift-encoded MRI in phantoms.

Purpose: Chemical shift-encoded MRI (CSE-MRI) is well-established to quantify proton density fat fraction (PDFF) as a quantitative biomarker of hepatic steatosis. However, temperature is known to bias PDFF estimation in phantom studies. In this study, strategies were developed and evaluated to correct for the effects of temperature on PDFF estimation through simulations, temperature-controlled experiments, and a multi-center, multi-vendor phantom study.

Linearity and Bias of Proton Density Fat Fraction as a Quantitative Imaging Biomarker: A Multicenter, Multiplatform, Multivendor Phantom Study.

Background Proton density fat fraction (PDFF) estimated by using chemical shift-encoded (CSE) MRI is an accepted imaging biomarker of hepatic steatosis. This work aims to promote standardized use of CSE MRI to estimate PDFF. Purpose To assess the accuracy of CSE MRI methods for estimating PDFF by determining the linearity and range of bias observed in a phantom.

MRI of tibial stress fractures: relationship between Fredericson classification and time to recovery in pediatric athletes.

Background: Tibial stress fractures are not uncommon in pediatric athletes. The severity of injury may be graded using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Objective: To determine whether Fredericson MRI grading of tibial stress fractures can differentiate times to recovery across different grades in pediatric athletes.

Yields and costs of recruitment methods with participant phenotypic characteristics for a diabetes prevention research study in an underrepresented pediatric population.

Background/aims: Prediabetes and diabetes disproportionately impact Latino youth, yet few diabetes prevention programs have prioritized inclusion of this underrepresented population. This report describes the recruitment process, yields, associated costs, and phenotypic characteristics of Latino youth with obesity and prediabetes enrolled in a randomized controlled diabetes prevention study in the USA.

Methods: Recruitment efforts included referrals from clinics, community outlets, local media, and word of mouth with the goal of enrolling 120 Latino adolescents aged 12-16 with obesity (BMI > 95th percentile) and prediabetes.

Magnetic resonance neurography of the lumbosacral plexus at 3 Tesla - CSF-suppressed imaging with submillimeter resolution by a three-dimensional turbo spin echo sequence.

Purpose: To investigate magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) of the lumbosacral plexus (LSP) with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) suppression by using submillimeter resolution for three-dimensional (3D) turbo spin echo (TSE) imaging.

Materials And Methods: Using extended phase graph (EPG) analysis, the signal response of CSF was simulated considering dephasing from coherent motion for frequency-encoding voxel sizes ranging from 0.3 to 1.

Free-Breathing Volumetric Liver and Proton Density Fat Fraction Quantification in Pediatric Patients Using Stack-of-Radial MRI With Self-Gating Motion Compensation.

Background: Stack-of-radial multiecho gradient-echo MRI is promising for free-breathing liver quantification and may benefit children.

Purpose: To validate stack-of-radial MRI with self-gating motion compensation in phantoms, and to evaluate it in children.

Study Type: Prospective.

Advanced neuroimaging in traumatic brain injury: an overview.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common condition with many potential acute and chronic neurological consequences. Standard initial radiographic evaluation includes noncontrast head CT scanning to rapidly evaluate for pathology that might require intervention. The availability of fast, relatively inexpensive CT imaging has fundamentally changed the clinician's ability to noninvasively visualize neuroanatomy.

Newly Developed Methods for Reducing Motion Artifacts in Pediatric Abdominal MRI: Tips and Pearls.

The purpose of this article is to review established and emerging methods for reducing motion artifacts in pediatric abdominal MRI. Clearly understanding the strengths and limitations of motion reduction methods can enable practitioners of pediatric abdominal MRI to select and combine the appropriate techniques and potentially reduce the need for sedation and anesthesia.

Quantification of Human Central Adipose Tissue Depots: An Anatomically Matched Comparison Between DXA and MRI.

Excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and VAT volume relative to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) are associated with elevated health risks. This study compares fat measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In total, 21 control subjects (Control) and 16 individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) were scanned by DXA and MRI.

Magnetic resonance imaging of obesity and metabolic disorders: Summary from the 2019 ISMRM Workshop.

More than 100 attendees from Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Germany, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, the Netherlands, the Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States convened in Singapore for the 2019 ISMRM-sponsored workshop on MRI of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders. The scientific program brought together a multidisciplinary group of researchers, trainees, and clinicians and included sessions in diabetes and insulin resistance; an update on recent advances in water-fat MRI acquisition and reconstruction methods; with applications in skeletal muscle, bone marrow, and adipose tissue quantification; a summary of recent findings in brown adipose tissue; new developments in imaging fat in the fetus, placenta, and neonates; the utility of liver elastography in obesity studies; and the emerging role of radiomics in population-based "big data" studies. The workshop featured keynote presentations on nutrition, epidemiology, genetics, and exercise physiology.