Using Layer-by-layer Assembled Clay Composite Junctions to Enhance the Water Dissociation in Bipolar Membranes.

Bipolar membranes (BPMs) with a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled montmorillonite (K30 MMT) clay-polyelectrolyte (PE) composite junction coated onto a sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone (SPEEK)) electrospun support are prepared, characterized and their water dissociation performance is analyzed. In particular, the focus is on the effect of the presence of the K30 MMT clay as a catalyst for water dissociation, the bilayer number (three, six, and nine), and the PE strength (poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) as a weak PE and poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) as a strong PE) on the BPM performance. The BPMs are prepared by electrospinning and hot pressing SPEEK and the Fumion FAA-3 polymer.

A comprehensive overview of neuropsychiatric symptoms in adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Background: The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric outcomes that vary across deletion carriers. We adopted a dimensional approach to provide a comprehensive overview of neuropsychiatric symptom expression in adolescents with 22q11DS and further our understanding of the observed phenotypical heterogeneity.

Early Sagittal Shape of the Spine Predicts Scoliosis Development in a Syndromic (22q11.2DS) Population: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Background: Scoliosis is a deformation of the spine and trunk that, in its more severe forms, creates a life-long burden of disease and requires intensive treatment. For its most prevalent form, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, no underlying condition can be defined, and the pathomechanism appears to be multifactorial; however, it has been suggested that the biomechanics of the spine play a role. For nonidiopathic scoliosis, underlying conditions can be recognized, but what drives the deformity remains unclear.

Flavonols improve tomato pollen thermotolerance during germination and tube elongation by maintaining reactive oxygen species homeostasis.

Elevated temperatures impair pollen performance and reproductive success, resulting in lower crop yields. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) anthocyanin reduced (are) mutant harbors a mutation in FLAVANONE 3-HYDROXYLASE (F3H), resulting in impaired flavonol antioxidant biosynthesis. The are mutant has reduced pollen performance and seed set relative to the VF36 parental line, phenotypes that are accentuated at elevated temperatures.

Identification of a pathogenic deep intronic variant in ATRX ends a diagnostic odyssey.

Variation in the non-coding genome is being increasingly recognized to be involved in monogenic disease etiology. However, the interpretation of non-coding variation is complicated by a lack of understanding of how non-coding genetic elements function. Additional lines of evidence are therefore needed to recognize non-coding variants as pathogenic.

Computer-aided diagnosis improves characterization of Barrett's neoplasia by general endoscopists (with video).

Background And Aims: Characterization of visible abnormalities in patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) can be challenging, especially for inexperienced endoscopists. This results in suboptimal diagnostic accuracy and poor interobserver agreement. Computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) systems may assist endoscopists.

Incidence and Prediction of Unrelated Mortality After Successful Endoscopic Eradication Therapy for Barrett's Neoplasia.

Background & Aims: Follow-up (FU) strategies after endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) for Barrett's neoplasia do not consider the risk of mortality from causes other than esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We aimed to evaluate this risk during long-term FU, and to assess whether the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) can predict mortality.

Methods: We included all patients with successful EET from the nationwide Barrett registry in the Netherlands.

Attentional Tunneling in Pilots During a Visual Tracking Task With a Head Mounted Display.

Objective: We examined whether active head aiming with a Helmet Mounted Display (HMD) can draw the pilot's attention away from a primary flight task. Furthermore, we examined whether visual clutter increases this effect.

Background: Head up display symbology can result in attentional tunneling, and clutter makes it difficult to identify objects.

Higher emotion regulation flexibility predicts more stable negative emotions and faster affective recovery in early psychosis: an experience sampling study.

Background: While evidence shows that people with early psychosis are flexible in using different emotion regulation (ER) strategies to manage the varying contextual demands, no studies have examined the effectiveness of such regulatory flexibility in this population. We addressed this issue by investigating whether and how ER flexibility relate to different dynamic aspects (variability, instability, inertia, and recovery) of negative affect (NA) in a combined early psychosis sample, consisting of both individuals at high clinical risk for psychosis and those diagnosed with first-episode psychosis.

Methods: Participants were 148 individuals from the INTERACT project, a multi-center randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy in early psychosis.

Using Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation to Induce Post-Roll Illusion in a Fixed-Base Flight Simulator.

The illusions of head motion induced by galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) can be used to compromise flight performance of pilots in fixed-base simulators. However, the stimuli used in the majority of studies fail to mimic disorientation in realistic flight because they are independent from the simulated aircraft motion. This study investigated the potential of bilateral-bipolar GVS coupled to aircraft roll in a fixed-base simulator to mimic vestibular spatial disorientation illusions, specifically the "post-roll illusion" observed during flight.

Basal cortisol in relation to metyrapone confirmation in predicting adrenal insufficiency after pituitary surgery.

Purpose: Pituitary surgery can lead to post-surgical adrenal insufficiency with the need for glucocorticoid replacement and significant disease related burden. In patients who do not receive hydrocortisone replacement before surgery, at our center, an early morning plasma cortisol concentration using a cut-off value of 450 nmol/L 3 days after surgery (POD3) is used to guide the need for hydrocortisone replacement until dynamic confirmatory testing using metyrapone. The aim of this study was to critically assess the currently used diagnostic and treatment algorithm in patients undergoing pituitary surgery in our pituitary reference center.

Flavonols improve thermotolerance in tomato pollen during germination and tube elongation by maintaining ROS homeostasis.

Unlabelled: Elevated temperatures impair pollen performance and reproductive success, resulting in lower crop yields. The ( ) mutant has a ( ) gene mutation resulting in impaired synthesis of flavonol antioxidants. The mutant has reduced pollen performance and seed set relative to the VF36 parental line, which is accentuated at elevated temperatures.

Helicopter Pilot Performance and Workload in a Following Task in a Degraded Visual Environment.

In this study, we investigated the impact of a loss of horizon due to atmospheric conditions on flight performance and workload of helicopter pilots during a low-altitude, dynamic flight task in windy conditions at sea. We also examined the potential benefits of a helmet-mounted display (HMD) for this specific task. In a fixed-based helicopter simulator, 16 military helicopter pilots were asked to follow a maneuvering go-fast vessel in a good visual environment (GVE) and in a degraded visual environment (DVE).

A deep learning system for detection of early Barrett's neoplasia: a model development and validation study.

Background: Computer-aided detection (CADe) systems could assist endoscopists in detecting early neoplasia in Barrett's oesophagus, which could be difficult to detect in endoscopic images. The aim of this study was to develop, test, and benchmark a CADe system for early neoplasia in Barrett's oesophagus.

Methods: The CADe system was first pretrained with ImageNet followed by domain-specific pretraining with GastroNet.

Emotion regulation in daily life in early psychosis: The role of contextual appraisals.

Background: Little is known about whether and how contextual appraisals relate to emotion regulation (ER) strategy use across the ultra-high risk and first episode stages of psychosis. The present study extends previous research by investigating the extent to which different appraisal dimensions of the most negative and positive events of the day are associated with ER strategy use in individuals with ultra-high risk (UHR) and first-episode psychosis (FEP).

Method: Sixty-eight UHR individuals and fifty-five FEP individuals filled out an experience sampling evening questionnaire for six consecutive days, in which their appraisal of intensity, importance and perceived control concerning the most negative or positive event of the day, and the ER strategies they deploy in response to these events were measured.

Visualization and clinical relevance of the endolymphatic duct and sac in Ménière's disease.

Background: Ménière's disease (MD) is a chronic inner ear disorder with a multifactorial etiology. Decreased visualization of the endolymphatic duct (ED) and sac (ES) is thought to be associated with MD, although controversy exists about whether this finding is specific to MD. Recent literature has revealed that two distinct ES pathologies, developmental hypoplasia and epithelial degeneration, can be distinguished in MD using the angular trajectory of the vestibular aqueduct (ATVA) or ED-ES system as a radiographic surrogate marker.

Nonverbal Executive Functioning in Relation to Vocabulary and Morphosyntax in Preschool Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder.

Purpose: Developmental language disorder (DLD) is characterized by persistent and unexplained difficulties in language development. Accumulating evidence shows that children with DLD also present with deficits in other cognitive domains, such as executive functioning (EF). There is an ongoing debate on whether exclusively verbal EF abilities are impaired in children with DLD or whether nonverbal EF is also impaired, and whether these EF impairments are related to their language difficulties.

Behaviors related to autism spectrum disorder in children with developmental language disorder and children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Background And Aim: Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) are at an increased risk to develop behaviors associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The relationship between early language difficulties and the occurrence of ASD-related behaviors in DLD is poorly understood. One factor that may hinder progress in understanding this relationship is the etiological heterogeneity of DLD.

Executive functioning in preschoolers with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and the impact of congenital heart defects.

Background: Executive functioning (EF) is an umbrella term for various cognitive functions that play a role in monitoring and planning to effectuate goal-directed behavior. The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), the most common microdeletion syndrome, is associated with a multitude of both somatic and cognitive symptoms, including EF impairments in school-age and adolescence.

Towards a robust and compact deep learning system for primary detection of early Barrett's neoplasia: Initial image-based results of training on a multi-center retrospectively collected data set.

Introduction: Endoscopic detection of early neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus is difficult. Computer Aided Detection (CADe) systems may assist in neoplasia detection. The aim of this study was to report the first steps in the development of a CADe system for Barrett's neoplasia and to evaluate its performance when compared with endoscopists.

Effects of heat load and hypobaric hypoxia on cognitive performance: a combined stressor approach.

This study investigates how cognitive performance is affected by the combination of two stressors that are operationally relevant for helicopter pilots: heat load and hypobaric hypoxia. Fifteen participants were exposed to (1) no stressors, (2) heat load, (3) hypobaric hypoxia, and (4) combined heat load and hypobaric hypoxia. Hypobaric hypoxia (13,000 ft) was achieved in a hypobaric chamber.

A grounded theory study on the dynamics of parental grief during the children's end of life.

Aim: Parents are increasingly confronted with loss during their child's end of life. Healthcare professionals struggle with parental responses to loss. This study aimed to understand parental coping with grief during their child's end of life.

Bi-allelic variants in NAE1 cause intellectual disability, ischiopubic hypoplasia, stress-mediated lymphopenia and neurodegeneration.

Neddylation has been implicated in various cellular pathways and in the pathophysiology of numerous diseases. We identified four individuals with bi-allelic variants in NAE1, which encodes the neddylation E1 enzyme. Pathogenicity was supported by decreased NAE1 abundance and overlapping clinical and cellular phenotypes.