Anthocyanins from spp. inhibit the activity of by downregulating the expression of , , and .

plants are frequently devastated by the apple rust caused by Miyabe. When rust occurs, most spp. and cultivars produce yellow spots, which are more severe, whereas a few cultivars accumulate anthocyanins around rust spots, forming red spots that inhibit the expansion of the affected area and might confer rust resistance.

MrMYB44-Like Negatively Regulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Causes Spring Leaf Color of 'Radiant' to Fade From Red to Green.

The "Spring-red-leaf" crabapple cultivar has young red leaves and mature green leaves. However, the mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in crabapple leaves in spring remains unknown. In this study, Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed on 'Radiant' leaf tissues in different stages of development.

How the Color Fades From Flowers: Transcriptome Sequencing and DNA Methylation Analysis.

The flower color of many horticultural plants fades from red to white during the development stages, affecting ornamental value. We selected , a popular ornamental species, and analyzed the mechanisms of flower color fading using RNA sequencing. Forty-seven genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and two genes related to anthocyanin transport were identified; the expression of most of these genes declined dramatically with flower color fading, consistent with the change in the anthocyanin content.

[Analysis of flavonoids and antitumor activity of transgenic Saussurea involucrate].

The aim of this paper was to investigate the flavonoids of callus of transgenic and non-transgenic Saussurea involucrate and its antitumor activity on the esophageal cancer CaEs-17 cells. The species and content of mono-phenols were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. The growth of human esophageal cancer CaEs-17 cells was detected using CCK-8 assay, apoptosis morphology observation and flow cytometry.

[Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of Rhododendron concinnum wild populations in Qinling Mountains of Northwest China: an AFLP analysis].

By using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique, an investigation was made on the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of seven wild populations of Rhododendron concinnum in Qinling Mountains of Northwest China. A total of 182 amplification products were generated from three AFLP selective primer combinations, of which, 151 were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphism was 83.

[Interaction of cucurbit [n = 7, 8] with methylindoles via fluorescence spectroscopy].

In the present work, the authors investigated interaction of cucurbit [n=7, 8] urils(Q[7], Q[8]) with 2-methylindol (Me) and 3-methylindol(Sk), influences of pH and temperature on the interaction of Q[7], Q[8] with the guests and calculations of the stability constants and thermodynamic parameters by using fluorescence spctroscopy. The results show that: the interation ratios are 1 : 1 of host: guest for all systems, except the Q[8]-Sk system, for which the ratio is 1 : 2 of host: guest; the interaction ratios of the host: guest systems did not change in the range of pH 1-11 and temperature between 298 and 313 K; the stability constant is the largest at pH 1 and room temperature. The thermodynamic parameter revealed that the interaction of the host and the guest of spontaneitied.

Regio- and stereo-selective synthesis of aryl 2-deoxy-C-glycopyranosides by palladium-catalyzed Heck coupling reactions of glycals and aryl iodides.

The Heck coupling of aryl iodides with pyranoid glycals using a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)(2) to form pyranoid aryl C-glycosides has been achieved. The reaction takes place smoothly in the presence of Ag(2)CO(3) and Cu(OAc)(2) (or DMSO) in acetonitrile. This arylation process, which occurs in a highly regio- and stereo-selective manner, provides a simple, mild, and efficient approach to the synthesis of aryl 2-deoxy-C-glycopyranosides.