Is there a primitive reflex residue underlying Marcus Gunn Syndrome? Rat electrophysiology.

Aim: To make an electrophysiological demonstration of a possible jaw muscle afferents-oculomotor neural pathway that was proposed by our previous works on rats, which substantiates an early "release hypothesis" on pathogenesis of human Marcus Gunn Syndrome (MGS).

Methods: Extracellular unit discharge recording was applied and both orthodromic and spontaneous unitary firing were recorded in the oculomotor nucleus (III), and the complex of pre-oculomotor interstitial nucleus of Cajal and Darkschewitsch nucleus (INC/DN), following electric stimulation of the ipsilateral masseter nerve (MN) in rats.

Results: Extracellular orthodromic unit discharges, with latencies of 3.

Is Marcus Gunn jaw winking a primitive reflex? Rat neuroanatomy.

Aim: To investigate a possible trigeminal proprioceptive-oculomotor neural pathway and explore possible synaptic connections between neurons in this pathway. Attempt to bring a new insight to mechanism of Marcus Gunn syndrome (MGS).

Methods: Anterograde and retrograde tract tracing was applied and combined with immunofluorescent stain in rats.

Microglia activation mediated by toll-like receptor-4 impairs brain white matter tracts in rats.

Microglia activation and white matter injury coexist after repeated episodes of mild brain trauma and ischemic stroke. Axon degeneration and demyelination can activate microglia; however, it is unclear whether early microglia activation can impair the function of white matter tracts and lead to injury. Rat corpus callosum (CC) slices were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or LPS + ()-LPS that is a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) antagonist.

Comparison of posterior capsule opacification at 360-degree square edge hydrophilic and sharp edge hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens in diabetic patients.

Aim: To compare posterior capsule opacification (PCO) degree and visual functions after phacoemulsification in eyes implanted with 360-degree square edge hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) (570C C-flex, Rayner) and sharp edge hydrophobic acrylic IOL (Sensar AR40e, AMO) in diabetic patients.

Methods: Sixty diabetic patients underwent uneventful phacoemulsification and randomly implanted one of the two IOLs. The PCO value was measured by retroillumination photographs and Evaluation of Posterior Capsule Opacification (EPCO) 2000 image-analysis software at 1, 6, 12, and 24mo after surgery.

17-Alpha-estradiol ameliorating oxygen-induced retinopathy in a murine model.

Purpose: Our aim was to explore the effects and mechanism of 17-alpha-estradiol (17α-E2) on oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) in a murine model.

Methods: Newborn mice exposed to hyperoxia underwent subcutaneous injections of different doses of 17α-E2 from postnatal days (PND) 7 to 17. The retinal flat mounts were scored for avascular/total retinal area on PND 17.