Neuro-immune cell interactions in the regulation of intestinal immune homeostasis.

Purpose Of Review: Bidirectional regulation between neurons and immune cells in the intestine governs essential physiological processes, including digestion, metabolism and motility, while also controlling intestinal inflammation and maintaining tissue homeostasis. This review covers recent advances and future research challenges focused on the regulatory molecules and potential therapeutic targets in neuron-immune interactions within the intestine.

Recent Findings: Recently identified molecular and cellular pathways have been shown to regulate neuron-immune cell cross talk in the context of maintaining tissue homeostasis, modulating inflammation, and promoting intestinal repair.

Emission inventory of IVOCs from diesel engine emissions in China based on real-world measured data.

Intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs), recognized as significant precursors of secondary organic aerosols, play a pivotal role in environmental pollution. This study utilized measured real-world emission factors to construct an inventory of IVOC emissions from diesel engines and to analyze their spatial distribution across China in 2022. Furthermore, the emission inventory derived from this approach was compared with that obtained through the IVOC/primary organic aerosol (POA) ratio method.

Novel Feruloyl Esterase for the Degradation of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Screened from the Gut Microbiome of Plastic-Degrading Mealworms ( Larvae).

Mealworms () larvae can degrade both plastics and lignocellulose through synergistic biological activities of their gut microbiota because they share similarities in chemical and physical properties. Here, a total of 428 genes encoding lignocellulose-degrading enzymes were screened from the gut microbiome of larvae to identify poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)-degrading activities. Five genes were successfully expressed in , among which a feruloyl esterase-like enzyme named Fae-PETase demonstrated the highest PET degradation activity, converting PET into MHET (0.

Metabolomics Reveals Disturbed Amino Acid Metabolism During Different Stages of RA in Collagen-Induced Arthritis Mice.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease featured by chronic synovitis and progressive joint damage. Early treatment before the onset of clinical symptoms (also known as the pre-RA stage) may slow or stop the progression of the disease. We sought to discover the dynamic metabolic changes during the evolution of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) to better characterize the disease stages.

Treatment of eutrophic water in pyrite-filled constructed wetland integrated with microelectrolysis driven by iron/sulfur cycle: Performance and mechanism.

This study developed a microelectrolysis-integrated constructed wetland with pyrite filler around the cathode (e-PCW) to treat eutrophic water. Results indicated that e-PCW effectively enhanced pyrite dissolution, converting solid-phase electron donors into bioavailable forms, thereby facilitating the enrichment of various denitrifying bacteria on pyrite surfaces. Importantly, iron-reducing and sulfur-reducing bacteria attached to the pyrite surfaces enhanced the conversion of ferric iron and sulfate, thereby driving iron and sulfur cycles and promoting electron transfer.

Effect of Mn-HA on ARGs and MRGs in nitrogen-culturing sludge.

The simultaneous escalation in ARGs (antibiotic resistance genes) and MRGs (metal resistance genes) further complicates the intricate network of factors contributing to the proliferation of microbial resistance. Manganese, which has been reported to affect the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and metals, plays a vital role in microbial nitrogen metabolism. Moreover, nitrifying and denitrifying populations are potential hosts for ARGs.

Analysis of the acoustoelectric response of SAW gas sensors using a COM model.

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) gas sensors based on the acoustoelectric effect exhibit wide application prospects for in situ gas detection. However, establishing accurate models for calculating the scattering parameters of SAW gas sensors remains a challenge. Here, we present a coupling of modes (COM) model that includes the acoustoelectric effect and specifically explains the nonmonotonic variation in the center frequency with respect to the sensing film's sheet conductivity.

Association between red cell distribution width and hypertension: Results from NHANES 1999-2018.

Unlabelled: The relationship between red cell distribution width (RDW) and hypertension remains a contentious topic, with a lack of large-scale studies focusing on the adults in the United States. This study aimed to investigate the association between RDW and hypertension among US adults from 1999 to 2018.

Methods: Data were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018.

Biomineralized manganese oxide mediated nitrogen-contained wastewater treatment.

In recent years, manganese (Mn) has emerged as an accelerator for nitrogen metabolism. However, the bioactivity of manganese is limited by the restricted contact between microbes and manganese minerals in the solid phase and by the toxicity of manganese to microbes. To enhance the bioactivity of solid-phase manganese, biomineralized manganese oxide (MnOx) modified by Lactobacillus was introduced.

Probiotics Pediococcus acidilactici GR-1 promotes the functional strains and remodels gut microbiota to reduce the Cr(VI) toxicity in a dual-chamber simulated intestinal system.

Numerous animal studies have demonstrated the toxicity of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and the bioremediative effects of probiotics on the composition and functions of gut microbiota. Since the precise mechanisms of Cr(VI) detoxification and its interactions with human gut microbiota were unknown, a novel dual-chamber simulated intestinal (DCSI) system was developed to maintain both the stability of the simulated system and the composition of the gut microbiota. Probiotic GR-1 was found to regulate intestinal gut microbiota, thereby reducing the toxicity of Cr(VI) within the DCSI system.

Macaque Brainnetome Atlas: A multifaceted brain map with parcellation, connection, and histology.

The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is a crucial experimental animal that shares many genetic, brain organizational, and behavioral characteristics with humans. A macaque brain atlas is fundamental to biomedical and evolutionary research. However, even though connectivity is vital for understanding brain functions, a connectivity-based whole-brain atlas of the macaque has not previously been made.

Ectopic CD4 T cells in choroid plexus mediate neuropsychiatric lupus symptoms in mice via interferon-γ induced microglia activation.

Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a disabling and potentially life-threatening complication of SLE. This study aims to investigate whether ectopic CD4 T cells in the choroid plexus mediate NPSLE in mice. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of anti-CD4 antibody effectively depleted CP-resident CD4 T cells and alleviated NPSLE-like symptoms in MRL/lpr mice.

Mechanism and Origin of Stereoselectivity for the NHC-Catalyzed Desymmetrization Reaction for the Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryl Aldehydes.

Organocatalytic desymmetrization reaction is a powerful tool for constructing axial chirality, but the theoretical study on the origin of stereoselectivity still lags behind even now. In this work, the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed desymmetrization reaction of biaryl frameworks for the synthesis of axially chiral aldehydes has been selected and theoretically investigated by using density functional theory (DFT). The fundamental pathway involves several steps, i.

A multi-scale approach to arabinoxylan-based emulsions: From molecular features, interfacial properties to emulsion behaviors.

Arabinoxylan (AX) is well-known for its emulsification and beneficial biological activity, but the roles of AX's molecular features and interfacial properties in AX-based emulsion behaviors were unknown. We first used a multi-scale approach to correlate molecular, interfacial, droplet characteristics, and bulk emulsion of AXs from corn and wheat bran (CAXs and WAXs). Our results showed that among CAXs and WAXs solution (1 %, 2 % and 3 %, w/v), 0.

Catalytic asymmetric dearomatization of phenols via divergent intermolecular (3 + 2) and alkylation reactions.

The catalytic asymmetric dearomatization (CADA) reaction has proved to be a powerful protocol for rapid assembly of valuable three-dimensional cyclic compounds from readily available planar aromatics. In contrast to the well-studied indoles and naphthols, phenols have been considered challenging substrates for intermolecular CADA reactions due to the combination of strong aromaticity and potential regioselectivity issue over the multiple nucleophilic sites (O, C2 as well as C4). Reported herein are the chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed divergent intermolecular CADA reactions of common phenols with azoalkenes, which deliver the tetrahydroindolone and cyclohexadienone products bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center in good yields with excellent ee values.

The evolution of nitrogen transformation microorganism consortium under continued manganese domestication conditions.

Manganese redox-stimulated bioremediation of nitrogen wastewater is receiving increasing attention. However, the nitrogen metabolic capacity and community evolution during manganese-mediated nitrogen transformation process under continued manganese domestication conditions are ambiguous. In this study, nitrogen- metabolizing microbial consortiums were incubated with synthesized Mn-humic acid complex (Mn-HA) for one month (M1), three months (M2) and six months (M3), respectively.

Effects of Seed Oil on Cultured Human Sebocytes In Vitro and Comparison with Other Oil Types.

The seeds of (horseradish tree) contain about 40% of one of the most stable vegetable oils (Moringa seed oil). Therefore, the effects of Moringa seed oil on human SZ95 sebocytes were investigated and were compared with other vegetable oils. Immortalized human SZ95 sebocytes were treated with Moringa seed oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, linoleic acid and oleic acid.

Manganese-mediated ammonium removal by a bacterial consortium from wastewater: Experimental proof and biochemical mechanisms.

Manganese-redox-mediated nitrogen transformation is promising for ammonium wastewater treatment. However, due to the limited contact between insoluble Mn and the microbe, extracellular electron transfer (EET) inefficiencies become a technical bottleneck in the technical practical application. To overcome this obstacle, humic acid (HA) was introduced to synthesize manganese-humic acid complex (Mn-HA) to increase Mn solubility.

Microelectrolysis-integrated constructed wetland with sponge iron filler to simultaneously enhance nitrogen and phosphorus removal.

Integrating sponge iron (SI) and microelectrolysis individually into constructed wetlands (CWs) to enhance nitrogen and phosphorus removal are challenged by ammonia (NH-N) accumulation and limited total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency, respectively. In this study, a microelectrolysis-assisted CW using SI as filler surrounding the cathode (e-SICW) was successfully established. Results indicated that e-SICW reduced NH-N accumulation and intensified nitrate (NO-N), the total nitrogen (TN) and TP removal.

Toxicity of ionic liquids against earthworms (Eisenia fetida).

Ionic liquids (ILs) are widely used in frontier fields because of their highly tunable properties. Although ILs may have adverse effects on organisms, few studies have focused on their effect on earthworm gene expression. Herein we investigated the toxicity mechanism of different ILs towards Eisenia fetida using transcriptomics.

Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F combination therapy with methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis: An updated meta-analysis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory arthropathy. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) is common herbal medicine for the treatment of RA in China. However, many important issues, such as efficacy, safety and optimal doses of the combination therapy of TwHF and Methotrexate (MTX) for RA remain to be evaluated.

Flavobacterium potami sp. nov., a multi-metal resistance genes harbouring bacterium isolated from shallow river silt.

Environmental pollution by heavy metals is becoming an increasing problem and has become a matter of great concern due to the adverse effects worldwide. In this study, we report a novel strain of multi-metal resistant bacteria. A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, yellow, rod-shaped strain 17A, was isolated from the shallow silt of Fuyang River located in Longdian town, Hengshui city, Hebei province, China.

Free Fatty Acids Induce Lipid Accumulation, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in Human Sebocytes.

Background: A disruption of sebocyte differentiation and lipogenesis has fatal consequences and can cause a wide spectrum of skin diseases, from acne vulgaris to sebaceous carcinoma, however, the relevant molecular mechanisms have not been fully clarified.

Objectives: The induction of autophagy and apoptosis in human sebocytes in response to biologically relevant fatty acids was investigated.

Methods: Free fatty acids (arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and palmitoleic acid) and the pan-caspase inhibitor QVD-Oph were added to the supernatant of cultured human SZ95 sebocytes.