Subcritical water hydrolysis of eggshell membrane and its physicochemical characteristics.

The insolubility of eggshell membrane (ESM) limits it application. This study utilized a green process subcritical water (SW), to prepare soluble ESM and compared it with acid hydrolysis. The effect of SW temperature on the yields of total protein, free amino acids, and glycosaminoglycan in the hydrolysate was investigated.

A platform noise dataset of various types of subway stations during all operating hours.

The subjective perceptions of passengers are intricately linked to the noise levels in subway stations of urban rail transit systems. In this study, comprehensive measurement was conducted on the noise environment on the platforms during operational hours at four distinct types of subway stations within an urban metro network. To ensure precise data collection, four different noise and sound pressure measurement points were strategically positioned in the middle and at both ends of each station platform.

Dual-Grid and Mixed-Precision Methods for Accelerating Plane-Wave Hybrid Functional Electronic Structure Calculations.

Hybrid functionals that incorporate exact Hartree-Fock exchange (HFX) into density functional theory (DFT) are crucial for accurately predicting the electronic structures of extended systems in condensed-matter physics and materials science. Although the exact exchange contributes only a small fraction of the total energy, HFX calculations in hybrid functionals demand significant computational resources. Here, we introduce dual-grid and mixed-precision techniques, based on two low-rank approximations, adaptively compressed exchange (ACE) and interpolative separable density fitting (ISDF) methods, to significantly improve the computational efficiency of plane-wave hybrid functional calculations in the software package PWDFT (plane wave density functional theory).

Arabidopsis glycosyltransferase UGT86A1 promotes plant adaptation to salt and drought stresses.

UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are the largest glycosyltransferase family developed during the evolution of the plant kingdom. However, their physiological significance in abiotic stress adaptation in land plants is largely unknown. In this study, we identified a UGT gene from Arabidopsis thaliana, UGT86A1, that was significantly induced by salt and drought stresses.

Demystifying Large Language Models for Medicine: A Primer.

Large language models (LLMs) represent a transformative class of AI tools capable of revolutionizing various aspects of healthcare by generating human-like responses across diverse contexts and adapting to novel tasks following human instructions. Their potential application spans a broad range of medical tasks, such as clinical documentation, matching patients to clinical trials, and answering medical questions. In this primer paper, we propose an actionable guideline to help healthcare professionals more efficiently utilize LLMs in their work, along with a set of best practices.

Study on the adsorption performance of carbon-magnetic modified sepiolite nanocomposite for Sb(V), Cd(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II): Optimal conditions, mechanisms, and practical applications in mining areas.

A carbon-magnetic modified sepiolite nanocomposite (γ-FeO/SiO-Mg(OH)@BC) was synthesized using a hydrothermal method, consisting of γ-FeO, activated sludge biochar (BC), and alkali-modified sepiolite. Its ability to remove heavy metals such as Sb(V), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) was investigated through adsorption experiments. Using response surface optimization, the optimal adsorption conditions were determined: adsorption time = 3.

Identification of therapeutic target genes for age-related hearing loss through systematic genome-wide mendelian randomization of druggable genes.

Background: Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a common sensory disorder with significant public health implications. However, few effective treatment options are available. Mendelian randomization (MR) has been used to repurpose existing drugs and identify new therapeutic targets.

A Study of Reverse Characteristics of GaN-on-Si Quasi-Vertical PiN Diode with Beveled Sidewall and Fluorine Plasma Treatment.

In this work, we show a high-performance GaN-on-Si quasi-vertical PiN diode based on the combination of beveled sidewall and fluorine plasma treatment (BSFP) by an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) system. The leakage current and breakdown voltage of the diode are systematically studied. Due to the beveled sidewall treated by the fluorine plasma, the diodes achieve an excellent breakdown voltage (V) of 790 V and a low reverse leakage current.

Analgesic Effect of Dehydrocorydaline on Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain via Alleviating Neuroinflammation.

Objective: To illustrate the role of dehydrocorydaline (DHC) in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain and the underlying mechanism.

Methods: C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 3 groups by using a random number table, including sham group (sham operation), CCI group [intrathecal injection of 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)], and CCI+DHC group (intrathecal injection of DHC), 8 mice in each group. A CCI mouse model was conducted to induce neuropathic pain through ligating the right common sciatic nerve.

Expert consensus on pulpotomy in the management of mature permanent teeth with pulpitis.

Pulpotomy, which belongs to vital pulp therapy, has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades. This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes. Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy (PP), the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue, and full pulpotomy (FP), the removal of whole coronal pulp, which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth.

Proximity of maxillary molar palatal roots to adjacent structures for endodontic microsurgery: a cone-beam computed tomography study.

Background: The surgical complexity associated with the palatal roots of maxillary molars was considerably elevated. Previous studies on the relationships between maxillary molar roots and the maxillary sinus or cortical plates have focused on individual root observation without considering the positional relationship between buccal and palatal roots or analysing the surgical pathway of maxillary molar palatal roots. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maxillary molar palatal roots and adjacent anatomical structures to provide a reference for performing palatal roots endodontic microsurgery.

Prevalence and root canal morphology of taurodontism analyzed by cone-beam computed tomography in Northern China.

Background: To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of taurodontism in northern China by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and assisting the treatment.

Methods: The study involved CBCT scans of 8112 teeth from 507 participants of northern China, comprising 217 males and 290 females aged 18 to 60. Analysis was conducted using Shifman and Chanannel's criteria to assess the prevalence and attributes of taurodontism, examining differences based on tooth position (maxilla and mandible) as well as gender (P < 0.

Removal of a fractured file beyond the apical foramen using robot-assisted endodontic microsurgery: a clinical report.

Background: Endodontic file fractures are common complications of root canal treatment, and requires removal via specialized techniques such as endodontic microsurgery when the file beyond the apical foramen. It is often challenging to precisely and minimally remove a fractured file. Recently the use of dental autonomous robotic system (ATR) has shown promise in precisely and minimally in dental surgery.

IGF1R Enhances Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Reprogramming Metabolism via the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling.

Kidney stone disease is a major risk factor for impaired renal function, leading to renal fibrosis and end-stage renal disease. High global prevalence and recurrence rate pose a significant threat to human health and healthcare resources. Investigating the mechanisms of kidney stone-induced injury is crucial.

Expert consensus on apical microsurgery.

Apical microsurgery is accurate and minimally invasive, produces few complications, and has a success rate of more than 90%. However, due to the lack of awareness and understanding of apical microsurgery by dental general practitioners and even endodontists, many clinical problems remain to be overcome. The consensus has gathered well-known domestic experts to hold a series of special discussions and reached the consensus.

[Clinical treatment difficulties and strategies for palatogingival groove].

Palatogingival groove (PGG) is a common developmental deformity, which is prone to retain plaque, leading to local periodontal inflammation. Furthermore, the infection can spread to the dental pulp tissue through the PGG, eventually resulting in combined periodontal-endodontic lesions. The treatment methods include PGG treatment, periodontal treatment, endodontic treatment, etc.

CYFIP2: potential pancreatic cancer biomarker and immunotherapeutic target.

Objective: It has been shown that the CYFIP2 (Cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2) gene is apoptosis p53-dependent and is associated with poor prognosis in malignant tumors such as gastric cancer and other and cervical cancer. However, the prognostic potential of CYFIP2 in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. In this work, we first explain the great potential of CYFIP2 malignant progression from a broader perspective (pan-cancer) and confirm its oncogenic value in pancreatic cancer.

Depressive symptoms among the oldest-old in China: a study on rural-urban differences.

Background: In China, In China, depression among the oldest-old (aged 80 + years) is a major public health issue. As the gap in development between urban and rural China widens, the aim of this study was to demonstrated whether there are disparities in the incidence of depressive symptoms between the urban and rural oldest-old (aged 80+) in China and to quantify the contribution of relevant influencing factors.

Methods: The study evaluated data on 5,116 oldest adults (female, 55.

Research and development of new intelligent foaming and discharging agent system.

The application of classic foaming agent faces several issues, including excessive use of defoaming agent, inadequate defoaming, pipeline blockage due to silicone oil precipitation, and high development cost of the foaming agent. To address the aforementioned issues, a novel intelligent foaming agent was created. This resulted in the development of a new intelligent foaming and discharging agent system.

Dissemination mechanisms of unique antibiotic resistance genes from flowback water to soil revealed by combined Illumina and Nanopore sequencing.

As a byproduct of shale gas extraction, flowback water (FW) is produced in large quantities globally. Due to the unique interactions between pollutants and microorganisms, FW always harbor multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that have been confirmed in our previous findings, potentially serving as a point source for ARGs released into the environment. However, whether ARGs in FW can disseminate or integrate into the environmental resistome remains unclear.

Ultrasmall Antioxidant Copper Nanozyme to Enhance Stem Cell Microenvironment for Promoting Diabetic Wound Healing.

Purpose: Stem cell therapy is a promising approach for treating chronic diabetic wounds. However, its effectiveness is significantly limited by the high oxidative stress environment and persistent inflammation induced by diabetes. Strategies to overcome these challenges are essential to enhance the therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy.

Chuanxiong Qingnao Granules (CQG) alleviates nitroglycerin-induced migraine-like pain in rats by glycerophospholipid metabolism and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Background And Purpose: Chuanxiong Qingnao Granles (CQG), has been used to treat migraine headache (MH) for many years. However, current investigation of CQG have primarily focused on clinical studies, and the potential mechanisms underlying of its effects on MH have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we applied an integrated approach of transcriptomics and metabolomics to elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of CQG in nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced MH injury.

Buried hole-selective interface engineering for high-efficiency tin-lead perovskite solar cells with enhanced interfacial chemical stability.

Mixed Sn-Pb perovskites are attracting significant attention due to their narrow bandgap and consequent potential for all-perovskite tandem solar cells. However, the conventional hole transport materials can lead to band misalignment or induce degradation at the buried interface of perovskite. Here we designed a self-assembled material 4-(9H-carbozol-9-yl)phenylboronic acid (4PBA) for the surface modification of the substrate as the hole-selective contact.

quantitative assessment of proximal femoral cortical bone microstructure using double-echo ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Quantitative assessment of cortical bone microstructure is crucial for the evaluation of osteoporosis, yet current clinical methods such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) have many limitations. The quantitative assessment without radiation can be achieved by ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where double-echo UTE has high clinical feasibility. However, related studies have mainly focused on distal extremities, and there is a lack of studies on the proximal femur.