The effect of regular periocular skin warming before bedtime on sleep and anxiety: a randomised clinical trial.

A randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted to examine the effect of periocular skin warming before bedtime on sleep and anxiety in female workers with mild sleep difficulty. A total of 64 participants were included in the study, which consisted of a 1-week baseline period and a 4-week intervention period. They were randomly assigned to either the Warm group (N = 32) or the Sham group (N = 32) and were instructed to wear eye masks (warming or sham) before their habitual bedtime during the intervention period.

Time- and Space-resolved Optical Diagnostics for Discharge Plasmas Separately Formed in Aqueous Solution.

When high voltage is applied to a gap between electrodes in aqueous solution, a discharge plasma is generated that connects the edges of the facing electrodes. When the width of the gap between the electrodes is extended to more than several millimeters, the plasma is separated into two and they are localized at the vicinities of the edges of the anode (+plasma) and cathode (-plasma). Although they are expected to supply characteristic reaction fields, the properties of the plasmas, such as electron number density and temperatures of transient species, have not yet been clarified.