Clinical impact of an explainable machine learning with amino acid PET imaging: application to the diagnosis of aggressive glioma.

Purpose: Radiomics-based machine learning (ML) models of amino acid positron emission tomography (PET) images have shown efficiency in glioma prediction tasks. However, their clinical impact on physician interpretation remains limited. This study investigated whether an explainable radiomics model modifies nuclear physicians' assessment of glioma aggressiveness at diagnosis.

Characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma with CT with deep learning reconstruction compared with iterative reconstruction and 3-Tesla MRI.

Objectives: This study compared the characteristics of lesions suspicious for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their LI-RADS classifications in adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) and deep learning reconstruction (DLR) to those of MR images, along with radiologist confidence.

Materials And Methods: This prospective single-center trial included patients who underwent four-phase liver CT and multiphasic contrast-enhanced MRI within 7 days from February to August 2023. The lesion characteristics, LI-RADS classifications and confidence scores according to two radiologists on the ASIR, DLR and MRI techniques were compared.

Comparison of CT-like MRI sequences for preoperative planning of cochlear implantation using super-high-resolution CT as a reference.

Background: We evaluated the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) computed tomography (CT)-like sequences compared to normal-resolution CT (NR-CT) and super-high-resolution CT (SHR-CT) for planning of cochlear implantation.

Methods: Six cadaveric temporal bone specimens were used. 3-T MRI scans were performed using radial volumetric interpolated breath-hold (STARVIBE), pointwise-encoding time reduction with radial acquisition (PETRA), and ultrashort time of echo (UTE) sequences.

Glenoid morphology variation between patients with hypermobile shoulder joints and controls: Identification of hyperlaxity-related morphologic bone changes.

Objective: Our study aims to quantitatively determine the concavity of the glenoid articular surface in patients with hypermobile shoulders compared to those without.

Method: We examined medical records of shoulder CTs from 2017 to 2022, selecting 50 patients with clinical signs of joint hypermobility for our case group and 54 for our control group. Two blinded readers independently assessed the glenoid morphology, calculating the glenoid concavity angle (GCA) and evaluating the articular surface shape as concave, flat, or convex.

Effect of Matrix Size and Acquisition Mode on Image Quality and Radiation Dose of Ultra-High-Resolution CT of the Temporal Bone: An Anatomical Study.

To compare image quality and radiation exposure between super- and ultra-high-resolution helical and super-high-resolution volumetric CT of the temporal bone. Six cadaveric temporal bone specimens were used to evaluate key temporal bone structures using the following CT reconstruction and acquisition modes: helical and single-volume acquisition modes in super-high resolution (0.25-mm slice thickness, 1024 matrix), and helical mode in ultra-high resolution (0.

Influential factors on the echogenicity of peripheral venous catheters: Insights from an experimental phantom study.

Introduction: Ultrasound-guided placement of peripheral venous catheters requires appropriate equipment. Among the devices used, peripheral venous catheters have different structure and properties. This study aimed to define the impact of these different factors on the echogenicity of peripheral venous catheters.

Radiation dose reduction and image quality improvement with ultra-high resolution temporal bone CT using deep learning-based reconstruction: An anatomical study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the achievable radiation dose reduction of an ultra-high resolution computed tomography (UHR-CT) scanner using deep learning reconstruction (DLR) while maintaining temporal bone image quality equal to or better than high-resolution CT (HR-CT).

Materials And Methods: UHR-CT acquisitions were performed with variable tube voltages and currents at eight different dose levels (volumic CT dose index [CTDIvol] range: 4.6-79 mGy), 1024 matrix, and 0.

Measurement of stapes footplate thickness using ultra-high-resolution computed tomography: stapes axial plane correlates better with otosclerosis than lateral semicircular canal plane.

Background, Aims: Stapes footplate thickness measurement using ultra-high-resolution CT has been described only in the lateral semicircular canal plane. The purpose of this study was to compare stapes footplate thickness between the lateral semicircular canal and stapes axial planes in patients with otosclerosis compared to controls.

Material And Methods: We performed a retrospective single-center study of patients undergoing high-resolution temporal bone CT.

Ultra-high-resolution CT of the temporal bone: The end of stapes prosthesis dimensional error and correlation with patient symptoms.

Purpose: To describe the reliability of ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (UHR-CT) in the measurement of titanium stapes prostheses using manufacturer data as a reference.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included patients treated by stapedectomy with titanium prostheses who underwent UHR-CT between January 2020 and October 2023. Images were acquired using an ultra-high-resolution mode (slice thickness: 0.

Benefits of simulation for ultrasound-guided midline placement training: MC-in-Sim pilot study.

Introduction: Ultrasound-guided placement of Midlines catheters (MCs) is a standard procedure with many benefits for patients. Even if there are some guidelines worldwide, this invasive technique is still taught at the patient's bed and relies on mentoring in many care centers. The performance of this care by novice practitioners raises ethical and quality of care issues mainly because of its risk of complications.

Comparison between scaphotrapeziotrapezoid arthrodesis and Pyrocardan® implant for isolated scaphotrapeziotrapezoid osteoarthritis.

Introduction: Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) arthrodesis and Pyrocardan® implant for painful isolated STT osteoarthritis have shown good results, but no paper has compared their medium-term outcomes.

Hypotheses: Our main hypothesis would be that the Pyrocardan® implant, by preserving the carpal biomechanics, could lead to better wrist mobility. Our secondary hypotheses would be that no other clinical and radiological differences will be found between these two procedures at a mean 5 years follow-up.

Evaluation of utero-placental vascularization using contrast-enhanced ultrasound: Early first trimester maternal perfusion of the intervillous space is confirmed.

Introduction: The objective was to confirm and semiquantify the maternal perfusion of the intervillous space between 8 and 13 + 6 gestational weeks (GW).

Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, and nonrandomized open study. Women undergoing voluntary termination of pregnancy at three different gestational ages (Group 8 GW: 8 to 8 + 6 GW, Group 11GW: 11 to 11 + 6 GW and Group 13GW: 13 to 13 + 6 GW) were included, with 14 subjects per group.

Neural mechanisms of odour imagery induced by non-figurative visual cues.

Odour imagery, the ability to experience smell when an appropriate stimulus is absent, has widely been documented as being particularly difficult. However, previous studies have shown the beneficial effect of visual cues (e.g.

Ultra-high-resolution CT of the temporal bone: Comparison between deep learning reconstruction and hybrid and model-based iterative reconstruction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (UHR-CT) to assess stapes and chorda tympani nerve anatomy using a deep learning (DLR), a model-based, and a hybrid iterative reconstruction algorithm compared to simulated conventional CT.

Materials And Methods: CT acquisitions were performed with a Mercury 4.0 phantom.

Olfactory cleft stenosis and obstruction on paranasal sinus CT scan in pre-septo-rhinoplasty patients: normal variants or pathologic findings?

Objective(s): To determine the frequency of olfactory cleft (OC) stenosis and obstruction on paranasal sinus CT scans in pre-septorhinoplasty of patients who had septal deviation, septopyramidal deformation or nasal obstruction without other sinonasal conditions.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients referred to our institution between December 2013 and December 2021 for septorhinoplasty due to nasal obstruction without other sinonasal or neurological conditions. All patients underwent preoperative paranasal sinus CT scan and olfactory testing.

Initial Evaluation of Focal Bone Lesions: How Do We Do It?

Focal bone lesions are frequent, and management greatly depends on the characteristics of their images. After briefly discussing the required work-up, we analyze the most relevant imaging signs for assessing potential aggressiveness. We also describe the imaging aspects of the various types of lesion matrices and their clinical implications.

Computed Tomography Bone Imaging: Pushing the Boundaries in Clinical Practice.

Bone microarchitecture has several clinical implications over and above estimating bone strength. Computed tomography (CT) analysis mainly uses high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT and micro-CT, research imaging techniques, most often limited to peripheral skeleton assessment. Ultra-high-resolution (UHR) CT and photon-counting detector CT, two commercially available techniques, provide images that can approach the spatial resolution of the trabeculae, bringing bone microarchitecture analysis into clinical practice and improving depiction of bone vascularization, tumor matrix, and cortical and periosteal bone.

Assessment of Scapholunate Instability on 4D CT Scans in Patients with Inconclusive Conventional Images.

Background Initial imaging work-up using radiography and CT arthrography sometimes can be insufficient to identify a scapholunate (SL) instability (SLI) in patients suspected of having SL ligament tears. Purpose To determine the diagnostic performance of four-dimensional (4D) CT in the identification of SLI and apply the findings to patients suspected of having SLI and with inconclusive findings on radiographs and CT arthrograms. Materials and Methods This prospective single-center study enrolled participants suspected of having SLI (recent trauma, dorsal pain, positive Watson test results, decreased grip strength) between March 2015 and March 2020.

Contribution of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of adnexal torsion (AGATA): protocol for a prospective comparative study.

Introduction: Adnexal torsion is a surgical emergency and its prognosis depends on the time elapsed prior to treatment. The diagnosis relies on pelvic ultrasound in which sensitivity remains low and may lead to misdiagnosis.The primary objective is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the diagnosis of adnexal torsion in women with suspected adnexal torsion.

Prevalence of abnormalities seen on orthopantomograms performed for forensic age estimation in unaccompanied minor asylum seekers.

Objectives: Evaluate the prevalence of radiological anomalies on orthopantomograms (OPT) performed as part of forensic age estimation in unaccompanied minors.

Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted on 208 OPT examinations requested by a magistrate. These OPTs were interpreted independently by two readers to establish the number of missing teeth (MT), presence of dental fillings (DF), and dental anomalies (DA).

In vivo depiction of cortical bone vascularization with ultra-high resolution-CT and deep learning algorithm reconstruction using osteoid osteoma as a model.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability to depict in vivo bone vascularization using ultra-high-resolution (UHR) computed tomography (CT) with deep learning reconstruction (DLR) and hybrid iterative reconstruction algorithm, compared to simulated conventional CT, using osteoid osteoma as a model.

Materials And Methods: Patients with histopathologically proven cortical osteoid osteoma who underwent UHR-CT between October 2019 and October 2022 were retrospectively included. Images were acquired with a 1024 × 1024 matrix and reconstructed with DLR and hybrid iterative reconstruction algorithm.

Machine Learning-Based Phenogrouping in MVP Identifies Profiles Associated With Myocardial Fibrosis and Cardiovascular Events.

Background: Structural changes and myocardial fibrosis quantification by cardiac imaging have become increasingly important to predict cardiovascular events in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP). In this setting, it is likely that an unsupervised approach using machine learning may improve their risk assessment.

Objectives: This study used machine learning to improve the risk assessment of patients with MVP by identifying echocardiographic phenotypes and their respective association with myocardial fibrosis and prognosis.

Deep learning HASTE sequence compared with T2-weighted BLADE sequence for liver MRI at 3 Tesla: a qualitative and quantitative prospective study.

Objectives: To qualitatively and quantitatively compare a single breath-hold fast half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin echo sequence with deep learning reconstruction (DL HASTE) with T2-weighted BLADE sequence for liver MRI at 3 T.

Methods: From December 2020 to January 2021, patients with liver MRI were prospectively included. For qualitative analysis, sequence quality, presence of artifacts, conspicuity, and presumed nature of the smallest lesion were assessed using the chi-squared and McNemar tests.