Oligomeric Tau-induced oxidative damage and functional alterations in cerebral endothelial cells: Role of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.

Despite of yet unknown mechanism, microvascular deposition of oligomeric Tau (oTau) has been implicated in alteration of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. In this study, we employed an in vitro BBB model using primary mouse cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) to investigate the mechanism underlying the effects of oTau on BBB function. We found that exposing CECs to oTau induced oxidative stress through NADPH oxidase, increased oxidative damage to proteins, decreased proteasome activity, and expressions of tight junction (TJ) proteins including occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-5.

Oligomeric Amyloid-β and Tau Alter Cell Adhesion Properties and Induce Inflammatory Responses in Cerebral Endothelial Cells Through the RhoA/ROCK Pathway.

Dysfunction of cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) has been implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite evidence showing cytotoxic effects of oligomeric amyloid-β (oAβ) and Tau (oTau) in the central nervous system, their direct effects on CECs have not been fully investigated. In this study, we examined the direct effects of oAβ, oTau, and their combination on cell adhesion properties and inflammatory responses in CECs.

Genome-wide study of globally distributed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strains implicates diversification utilizing phylodynamics and mutational analysis.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common respiratory pathogen that causes mild cold-like symptoms and severe lower respiratory tract infections, causing hospitalizations in children, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Due to genetic variability, this virus causes life-threatening pneumonia and bronchiolitis in young infants. Thus, we examined 3600 whole genome sequences submitted to GISAID by 31 December 2022 to examine the genetic variability of RSV.

Insight into vaccination and meteorological factors on daily COVID-19 cases and mortality in Bangladesh.

The ongoing COVID-19 contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 has disrupted global public health, businesses, and economies due to widespread infection, with 676.41 million confirmed cases and 6.77 million deaths in 231 countries as of February 07, 2023.

An opinion on Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring (WBEM) with Clinical Diagnostic Test (CDT) for detecting high-prevalence areas of community COVID-19 Infections.

Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring (WBEM) is an efficient surveillance tool during the COVID-19 pandemic as it meets all requirements of a complete monitoring system including early warning, tracking the current trend, prevalence of the disease, detection of genetic diversity as well asthe up-surging SARS-CoV-2 new variants with mutations from the wastewater samples. Subsequently, Clinical Diagnostic Test is widely acknowledged as the global gold standard method for disease monitoring, despite several drawbacks such as high diagnosis cost, reporting bias, and the difficulty of tracking asymptomatic patients (silent spreaders of the COVID-19 infection who manifest nosymptoms of the disease). In this current reviewand opinion-based study, we first propose a combined approach) for detecting COVID-19 infection in communities using wastewater and clinical sample testing, which may be feasible and effective as an emerging public health tool for the long-term nationwide surveillance system.

Analgesic and Sedative-Hypnotic Potentiality of Crude Methanolic Extract of (Wall.) Sleumer Leaves.

Objectives: (Wall.) Sleumer (leaves) belonging to the family Stemonuraceae was investigated for preliminary phytochemical screening and evaluating their pharmacological activities in various pharmacological models.

Materials And Methods: The crude methanolic extract was screened with different chemical reagents for the qualitative detection of different phytochemical groups.

Wastewater-based epidemiological surveillance to monitor the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in developing countries with onsite sanitation facilities.

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a valuable approach for forecasting disease outbreaks in developed countries with a centralized sewage infrastructure. On the other hand, due to the absence of well-defined and systematic sewage networks, WBE is challenging to implement in developing countries like Bangladesh where most people live in rural areas. Identification of appropriate locations for rural Hotspot Based Sampling (HBS) and urban Drain Based Sampling (DBS) are critical to enable WBE based monitoring system.

A Review on Measures to Rejuvenate Immune System: Natural Mode of Protection Against Coronavirus Infection.

SARS-CoV-2, a novel Corona virus strain, was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of December 16, 2021, almost 4,822,472 people had died and over 236,132,082 were infected with this lethal viral infection. It is believed that the human immune system is thought to play a critical role in the initial phase of infection when the viruses invade the host cells.

spp. Contamination: A Novel Risk Originated From Animal Feed to Human Food Chains in South-Eastern Bangladesh.

The current study provides information on spp. contamination along with present status in commercially available poultry and animal feeds as well as animal-derived products in Bangladesh. The research has been conducted to determine if animal feed and its components are a source of spp.

is a Prominent Source of Nutrients with Potential Health Benefits.

Nowadays, the socioeconomic status has been changed a lot, so people are now more concerned about their life style and health. They have knowledge about the detrimental effects of synthetic products. That is why they are interested in natural products.

Potential Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19: Synthesis, Brief History and Application.

Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the Betacoronavirus group, an unusually large RNA genome characterized by club-like spikes that project from their surface. An outbreak of a novel coronavirus 2019 (nCOVID-19) already showed a unique replication strategy and infection that has posed significant threat to international health and the economy around the globe. Scientists around the world are investigating few previously used clinical drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.

T helper 2-driven immune dysfunction in chronic arsenic-exposed individuals and its link to the features of allergic asthma.

Limited information is available regarding the effects of arsenic exposure on immune function. We have recently reported that chronic exposure to As was associated asthma, as determined by spirometry and respiratory symptoms. Because T helper 2 (Th2)-driven immune responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, including asthma, we studied the associations of serum Th1 and Th2 mediators with the As exposure markers and the features of asthma among individuals exposed to As.

First detection of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in the vicinity of COVID-19 isolation Centre in Bangladesh: Variation along the sewer network.

We made the first and successful attempt to detect SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in the vicinity wastewaters of an isolation centre i.e. Shaheed Bhulu Stadium, situated at Noakhali, Southeastern Bangladesh.

Arsenic exposure-related hyperglycemia is linked to insulin resistance with concomitant reduction of skeletal muscle mass.

Background: Alargebodyof evidence has shown a link between arsenic exposure and diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms have not yet been clarified.

Objective: We explored the association between arsenic exposure and the reduction of skeletal muscle mass as a potential mechanism of insulin resistance for developing arsenic-related hyperglycemia.

Methods: A total of 581 subjects were recruited from arsenic-endemic and non-endemic areas in Bangladesh and their fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, and serum creatinine levels were determined.

Association between chronic arsenic exposure and the characteristic features of asthma.

Widespread contamination of arsenic (As) has become a global public health concern. Exposure to As causes respiratory complications. Asthma, a major respiratory complication, is increasing worldwide.

Dose-dependent relationships between chronic arsenic exposure and cognitive impairment and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

Background: Arsenic poisoning is a public health problem worldwide. A few studies have reported the effects of arsenic exposure on adult cognitive function, but with limitations in the subject selection and exposure markers. Moreover, information regarding the association between arsenic exposure and biomarker of cognitive impairment is scarce.

Characterization of phytoconstituents and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of silver-extract nanoparticles synthesized from Momordica charantia fruit extract.

Background: Our present study was conducted to characterize the phytoconstituents present in the aqueous extract of Momordica charantia and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of silver-extract nanoparticles (Ag-Extract-NPs).

Methods: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by reducing AgNO and NaBH served as reducing agent. After screening of phytochemicals; AgNPs and aqueous extract were mixed thoroughly and then coated by polyaniline.

Crispene A, B, C and D, Four New Clerodane Type Furanoid Diterpenes from Tinospora crispa (L.).

Background: Tinospora crispa (L.) is used to alleviate the symptoms of diabetes mellitus in folk medicine. It is also used for hypertension and to treat malaria, remedy for diarrhea, and as vermifuge.

Targeting protein arginine N-methyltransferases with peptide-based inhibitors: opportunities and challenges.

Recently peptide-based inhibitors have been used to selectively inhibit a family of epigenetic enzymes called protein arginine N-methyltransferases (PRMTs), which has been implicated in different physiological processes and human diseases, such as heart disease and cancer. The diverse efforts to tease out subtle structural differences among PRMT enzymes in order to generate selective inhibitors as well as existing challenges in the field will be examined. The acquisition of PRMT substrate sequence preferences and structural information obtained from small-molecule inhibitors have helped in developing different peptide-based inhibitors that show great promise not only as inhibitors, but also as molecular probes to characterize PRMTs.

Development and validation of a simple UV spectrophotometric method for the determination of levofloxacin both in bulk and marketed dosage formulations.

A rapid, specific and economic UV spectrophotometric method has been developed using a solvent composed of water:methanol:acetonitrile (9:0.5:0.5) to determine the levofloxacin content in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage formulations.