Impact of digital health interventions on glycemic control and weight management.

This retrospective cohort study evaluates the impact of an AI-supported continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) mobile app ("January V2") on glycemic control and weight management in 944 users, including healthy individuals and those with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes (T2D). The app, leveraging AI to personalize feedback, tracked users' food intake, activity, and glucose responses over 14 days. Significant improvements in time in range (TIR) were observed, particularly in users with lower baseline TIR.

Effects of the algae derivatives on performance, intestinal histomorphology, ileal microflora, and egg yolk biochemistry of laying Japanese quail.

We examined the effect of the Persian Gulf algae derivates, phycocyanin (PC) and fucoidan (FUC), on production performance, egg quality, intestinal histomorphology, ileal microflora, and egg yolk biochemistry of laying Japanese quail. A total of 250 six-wk-old Japanese quails with an average body weight of 215 ± 10 g were allocated to 5 treatments, 5 replicates and 10 birds in each replicate in a completely randomized design. The treatment groups received PC (from Spirulina platensis) and FUC (from brown seaweed) in their drinking water while control groups did not.

Digital health application integrating wearable data and behavioral patterns improves metabolic health.

The effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in reducing caloric intake and increasing physical activity for preventing Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) has been previously demonstrated. The use of modern technologies can potentially further improve the success of these interventions, promote metabolic health, and prevent T2D at scale. To test this concept, we built a remote program that uses continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and wearables to make lifestyle recommendations that improve health.

The anticoccidial effect of alcoholic extract of Citrullus colocynthis fruit and Juglans regia peel‌ in experimentally infected domestic chicken.

One of the main illnesses within the poultry industry is coccidiosis. Anticoccidial medicines applied in the poultry industry show many shortcomings and new control measures are necessary. The current research aimed to study the effect of extract of Citrullus colocynthis and Juglans regia peel on growth performance, gut bacteria, Haematological, Anticoccidial Index (ACI), and Optimum Anticoccidial Activity (OAA) of coccidiosis-infected domestic chicken.

Correction: Electrochemical investigation and amperometry determination iodate based on ionic liquid/polyoxotungstate/P-doped electrochemically reduced graphene oxide multi-component nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D1RA00845E.].

Fabrication of a polyoxotungstate/metal-organic framework/phosphorus-doped reduced graphene oxide nanohybrid modified glassy carbon electrode by electrochemical reduction and its electrochemical properties.

Hybrid nanocomposites based on polyoxometalates (POMs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and graphene oxide (GO) have a unique set of properties. They have specific properties such as high acidity, oxygen-rich surface, and good redox capability from POMs. In contrast, they do not have weaknesses of POMs such as a low surface area, and high solubility in aqueous media.

Electrochemical investigation and amperometry determination iodate based on ionic liquid/polyoxotungstate/P-doped electrochemically reduced graphene oxide multi-component nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode.

A novel modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was successfully fabricated with a tetra-component nanocomposite consisting of (1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)dipyridinium) ionic liquid (bdpy), SiWONi(HO) (SiWNi) Keggin-type polyoxometalate (POM), and phosphorus-doped electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (P-ERGO) by electrodeposition technique. The (bdpy)SiWNi/GO hybrid nanocomposite was synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal method and characterized by UV-vis absorption, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphology, electrochemical performance, and electrocatalysis activity of the nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode ((bdpy)SiWNi/P-ERGO/GCE) were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and amperometry, respectively.

The effect of pulsatile versus non-pulsatile flow during cardiopulmonary bypass on cerebral oxygenation: A randomized trial.

Background: The present study aims to compare regional oxygen supply determined by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the course of pulsatile perfusion with non-pulsatile perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing valvular heart surgery.

Methods: In this prospective randomized single-blinded trial, we enrolled adult subjects aged 18-65 years scheduled for elective valvular heart repair/replacement surgery with non-stenotic carotid arteries, employing a consecutive sampling method. Eligible patients were then randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to pulsatile or non-pulsatile perfusion during aortic cross-clamp.

Cavity-trapped electrons: lithium doped tetracyano-2,6-naphthoquinodimethane (TNAP) systems.

The interesting features in the lithium based electride motived us to explore new species with electride properties. To achieve this goal, the tetracyano-2,6-naphthoquinodimethane (TNAP) species has been used as backbone to investigate systematic addition of lithium atoms to the TNAP backbone (Li@TNAP (n = 1-4) species) through density functional theory (DFT) simulation. After finding the most stable geometries for each Li@TNAP (n = 1-4) species by full optimization process, we show their electronic-structural features in this work.

Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions Between C(sp)-H and X-H (X = N, P, S, Si, Sn) Bonds: An Environmentally Benign Access to Heteroatom-Substituted Alkynes.

Form a green and sustainable chemistry point of view, cross-dehydrogenative coupling (or oxidative cross-coupling) reactions have been recognized as environmentally sustainable and atom economical synthetic routes for the construction of new carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds, since no pre-functionalization of starting materials is required. In the past few years, the direct coupling of sp-hybridized C-H bonds with heteroatom-H bonds has received much attention because of the importance of heteroatom-substituted alkynes in organic and medicinal chemistry. This review examines the recent developments in cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions between C(sp)-H and X-H (X = N, P, S, Si, Sn) bonds, with a particular focus on the mechanistic aspects of the reactions.

Cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions between arenes (C-H) and carboxylic acids (O-H): a straightforward and environmentally benign access to -aryl esters.

Transition-metal catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative-coupling reactions encompass highly versatile and atom economical methods for the construction of various carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds by combining two C(X)-H (X = heteroatom) bonds. Along this line, direct acyloxylation of C-H bonds with carboxylic acids has emerged as a powerful and green approach for the synthesis of structurally diverse esters. In this focus-review we will describe recent progress in direct esterification of aromatic C-H bonds with special emphasis on the mechanistic features of the reactions.

Recent developments in decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions between carboxylic acids and N-H compounds.

Carboxylic acids and their derivatives are ubiquitous compounds in organic chemistry, and are widely commercially available in a large structural variety. Recently, carboxylic acids have been frequently used as non-toxic and environmentally benign alternatives to traditional organohalide coupling partners in various carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom cross-coupling reactions. Along this line, several methods have been reported for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing organic compounds through decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions between carboxylic acids and N-H compounds.

Cycloaddition of atmospheric CO to epoxides under solvent-free conditions: a straightforward route to carbonates by green chemistry metrics.

The conversion of carbon dioxide (CO) into value-added organic compounds has received more and more attention over recent years, not only because this gas is one of the major anthropogenic greenhouse gases, but also because it has been regarded as an abundant, inexpensive, nontoxic, nonflammable, and renewable one-carbon (C1) resource. Along these lines, the synthesis of five-membered cyclic carbonates employing CO as a safe alternative to toxic reagents such as phosgene or its derivatives is of great interest because of their wide range of applications in organic synthesis. However, most of CO incorporation reactions into carbonates are carried out in toxic and non-recyclable organic solvents.

Recent advances in the application of nano-catalysts for Hiyama cross-coupling reactions.

This mini-review highlights the recent developments in the field of metal nanoparticle (NP) catalyzed Hiyama cross-coupling reactions. Most of the nanocatalysts outlined here allow convenient and green synthetic pathways for the construction of carbon-carbon bonds in water and fluoride-free conditions. Literature has been surveyed from 2005 to February 2018.

A DFT study on nanocones, nanotubes (4,0), nanosheets and fullerene C as anodes in Mg-ion batteries.

In this article, we studied the interactions between Mg atom and Mg ion and four nanostructures, including a nanocone, nanotube (4,0), nanosheet, and C nanocage, to obtain the cell voltages () for Mg-ion batteries (MIBs). Total energy, geometry optimization, frontier molecular orbital (FMO) and density of states (DOS) analyses have been performed using the ωB97XD level of theory and the 6-31G(d) basis set. The DFT calculations clarified that the changes in energy adsorption between Mg ion and the nanostructures, , are in the order tube > cone > sheet > cage.

Cross-Dehydrogenative C-H/S-H Coupling Reactions.

Carbon-sulfur bond formation represents a key step in the synthesis of thioethers, which are a common structural motif in many pharmaceutically compounds. The direct cross-dehydrogenative coupling of C-H/S-H bonds has become a powerful tool for C-S bond formation. As these coupling reactions avoid pre-functionalization of the starting materials, they are more atom-economical, practical, and environmentally friendly than traditional cross-coupling reactions.

Arylhydrazines: novel and versatile electrophilic partners in cross-coupling reactions.

Arylhydrazines are extremely valuable compounds in organic chemistry that are widely used for the synthesis of a variety of biologically active molecules such as indoles, indazoles, pyrazoles, aryltriazoles, β-lactams and quinazolines. These compounds have also been widely utilized as arylation agents in oxidative cross-coupling reactions. In this review, we will highlight the most important explorations and developments in the carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and selenium) cross-coupling of arylhydrazines.

Decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions for P(O)-C bond formation.

Phosphorus-containing compounds are one of the most important classes of organic compounds, which have wide applications in organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, agricultural chemistry, and materials chemistry. In particular, organophosphorus compounds bearing a P(O)-C bond have attracted significant attention in recent decades due to their widespread biological and pharmacological activities. In this review, we will highlight the most important developments in the construction of P(O)-C bonds through decarboxylative C-P cross-coupling reactions.

Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions Between P(O)-H and X-H (X = S, N, O, P) Bonds.

P(O)-X (X = S, N, O, P) bond-containing compounds have extensive application in medicinal chemistry, agrochemistry, and material chemistry. These useful organophosphorus compounds also have many applications in organic synthesis. In light of the importance of titled compounds, there is continuing interest in the development of synthetic methods for P(O)-X bonds construction.

Recent advances in sulfur-nitrogen bond formation cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions.

This focus-review surveys literature methods for the construction of sulfur-nitrogen bonds through cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions between thiols and N-H compounds with a particular emphasis on the mechanistic aspects of the reactions. The literature has been surveyed until the end of 2017.

Advancements in six-membered cyclic carbonate (1,3-dioxan-2-one) synthesis utilizing carbon dioxide as a C1 source.

This review article surveys literature methods for the synthesis of six-membered cyclic carbonates using various substrates in the presence of CO with special emphasis on the mechanistic aspects of the reactions. We have classified these reactions based on the type of starting material.

DFT results against experimental data for electronic properties of C and C fullerene derivatives.

Some electronic properties of different C and C derivatives were evaluated using 20 density functionals (the B3LYP, BHANDH, PBE0, HSE06, CAM-B3LYP, ωB97X-D, BMK, PBEPBE, M06-L, M06, M06-2X, M06-HF, PW91PW91, BLYP, B97D, HCT407, τ-HCTH, τ-HCTHhyb, TPSS, and LSDA), and some of the results were compared with the available experimental data. Unlike in Hartree-Fock (HF) method, the orbital relaxation is not the origin of the violation of DFT from the Koopmans' theorem. For most of functionals, the HOMO-LUMO gap (E) is more sensitive to the functional compared to the optical gap.

A DFT study on graphene, SiC, BN, and AlN nanosheets as anodes in Na-ion batteries.

A great concern exists about the lifetime, cost, low-temperature performance, and safety of Li-ion batteries. Na-ion batteries (NIB) are an alternative to the Li-ion batteries due to the wide availability of sodium, its low cost, and nontoxicity. Here, we examined the Na and Na adsorption on nanosheets of carbon (graphene), AlN, BN, and SiC to explore their potential use as an anode in NIBs.