Publications by authors named "Hosseini K"
Introduction: The effects of Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors on cardiac outcomes, cardiovascular mortality (CVM), and all-cause mortality (ACM) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients have been reported heterogeneously in different studies.
Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scholar databases were searched with relevant MeSH terms from January 1, 2010, to November 14, 2023. The study used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
Background: The role of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in the treatment of left ventricular thrombus (LVT) after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains uncertain.
Aims: We aimed to compare the effect of rivaroxaban versus warfarin in patients with STEMI complicated by LVT.
Methods: Adult patients with STEMI and two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography showing LVT were assigned to rivaroxaban (15 mg once daily) or warfarin (international normalised ratio goal of 2.
Article Synopsis
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major health issue in the North Africa and Middle East region, with an overall increase in incidence despite a slight decline in age-standardized rates from 1990 to 2021.
- Research showed that men face higher rates of CVD-related incidence, prevalence, and deaths, with ischemic heart disease and stroke being leading causes of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).
- Key risk factors include high blood pressure, unhealthy diets, and high LDL cholesterol, with areas affected by conflict experiencing even greater health burdens, highlighting the need for focused health interventions.
Objectives: Recent studies have suggested a potential link between opium consumption and microvascular dysfunction in coronary arteries, which may contribute to the development of coronary slow-flow syndrome. This study aims to investigate the relationship between opium use and coronary slow-flow syndrome.
Design And Setting: This retrospective study analysed medical records of patients who underwent coronary angiography at the Tehran Heart Center from 2006 to 2020.
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) refer to a population of stem cells that exhibit distinct progenitor cell characteristics including the potential for differentiation into a wide range of cell types. MSCs have become a promising candidate for cell therapy and tissue regeneration due to their unique properties, such as their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types, their capacity for expansion, self-renewal, and immune-regulatory effects. However, reports have brought attention to thrombosis-related complications associated with MSCs therapy in the last decade.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Phonology plays a key role in reading development, but research on how autistic children process speech sounds and their reading abilities is limited.
- A study involving 56 kindergarteners (28 with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and 28 typically developing (TD) peers) examined how they reacted to speech sounds through auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) and measured their reading skills at the start and end of kindergarten.
- Results indicated that autistic children with lower reading skills showed distinct neural responses to new versus old sounds, and these EEG measures could predict later word recognition abilities, suggesting that understanding these neural processes could help address reading difficulties in children with ASD.
Article Synopsis
- - The study focuses on the effectiveness of different antithrombotic strategies in preventing coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) complications in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD).
- - Results from the analysis of 21 studies indicated that combining warfarin with aspirin significantly reduced the risk of myocardial infarction and mortality compared to aspirin alone, though no major differences were found in overall cardiovascular events.
- - It concluded that adding high-dose aspirin to the standard IVIG treatment during the acute phase of KD does not provide additional benefits.
Background: Because knowledge of blood donor motivation is crucial in guiding recruitment and retention efforts, the present study aimed at developing and validating a new scale as a multidimensional measure of blood donation motivation from the perspective of the self- determination theory.
Methods: This study was conducted in three phases from September 2022 to May 2023. The first phase involved developing a draft scale based on a literature review.
Background/objectives: Many pregnant women globally suffer from depression and are routinely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These drugs function by blocking the re-uptake of serotonin by the serotonin transporter (SERT) into neurons, resulting in its accumulation in the presynaptic cleft. Despite a large amount of research suggesting a potential link to neurodevelopmental disorders in children whose mothers took these drugs during pregnancy, their possible adverse effects are still debated, and results are contradictory.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Cardiac amyloidosis is a rare but serious form of systemic amyloidosis that requires early diagnosis for better treatment outcomes.
- A 56-year-old woman experienced symptoms like shortness of breath and heart palpitations, leading to a diagnosis through cardiac imaging and a bone marrow biopsy.
- Accurate diagnosis is challenging but vital, as delays can worsen the condition; treatments focus on managing symptoms and modifying the disease, with cardiac MRI being a key diagnostic tool.
Trends in Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement Outcomes in Patients With Low-Surgical Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.
J Am Heart Assoc
November 2024
Article Synopsis
- The meta-analysis compares long-term outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in low-surgical risk patients with severe aortic stenosis.
- TAVR showed lower all-cause mortality risk within 30 days and up to one year compared to SAVR, but risks were similar after one year.
- Additionally, TAVR had lower rates of cardiovascular mortality, disabling strokes, rehospitalizations, and new-onset atrial fibrillation, but a higher chance of needing a permanent pacemaker, especially in the first 30 days.
Article Synopsis
- - The study examines the prevalence of the bony bridge known as Ponticulus Posticus (PP) on the vertebral artery in orthodontic patients at Mashhad Dental School, finding it present in 17.5% of the analyzed cephalograms.
- - A total of 861 cephalogram images were reviewed, revealing a higher occurrence of PP in males compared to females and no significant correlation between PP and skeletal malocclusion types.
- - This research is the first to report on PP prevalence in Eastern Iran, highlighting the need for further studies using 3D imaging techniques for better diagnosis and understanding of PP in the region.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the effectiveness and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in high bleeding risk (HBR) patients, focusing on how these factors are influenced by DAPT duration and different stent types.
- - A network meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials involving nearly 19,500 HBR patients found that short DAPT with durable polymer drug-eluting stents (DP-DES) is associated with lower bleeding risks while still maintaining efficacy compared to standard DAPT.
- - The research concludes that for HBR patients undergoing coronary interventions, using a short DAPT strategy with DP-DES strikes the best balance between minimizing bleeding risks and preventing adverse cardiovascular events.
Article Synopsis
- The Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) serves as a marker for insulin resistance and may predict the risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
- A study involving 13,542 patients showed that higher TyG levels, particularly in the fourth quartile, significantly correlated with an increased risk of MACCE, such as heart attacks and strokes.
- In contrast, no significant association was found between TyG levels and MACCE in a subgroup of patients who were euglycemic, suggesting the need for further studies to confirm these findings for better clinical risk assessment.
Background: The latest guidelines advocate for catheter ablation (CA) over standard medical therapy (SMT) for managing atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, significant knowledge gaps exist regarding the effectiveness of CA vs. SMT in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Radiomic feature reproducibility assessment is critical in radiomics-based image biomarker discovery. This study aims to evaluate the impact of preprocessing parameters on the reproducibility of magnetic resonance image (MRI) radiomic features extracted from gross tumor volume (GTV) and high-risk clinical tumor volume (HR-CTV) in cervical cancer (CC) patients.
Methods: This study included 99 patients with pathologically confirmed cervical cancer who underwent an MRI prior to receiving brachytherapy.
Article Synopsis
- * A study from 1990 to 2019 revealed around 339,000 patients with AF/AFL in Iran, with 30,200 new cases and significant disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost, largely due to high blood pressure and body mass index.
- * Projections for 2050 indicate the number of AF/AFL patients could reach 1.1 million, emphasizing the need for improved prevention strategies targeting risk factors, despite advancements in treatment.
Article Synopsis
- CAR T-cell therapy is an innovative treatment for certain blood cancers, but it's linked to serious cardiovascular events (CVE), including arrhythmias and heart failure.
- A systematic review analyzed 23 studies, revealing that over half of patients experienced CVEs, particularly those with severe cytokine release syndrome (CRS).
- The findings emphasize the need for close monitoring and personalized care to address potential cardiotoxic effects, while also noting that cardiac mortality rates appear to be low, indicating room for improvement in prevention strategies.
Presentation of mitral valve cleft with concurrent atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect detected by three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography: a case report.
J Med Case Rep
August 2024
Background: Cleft in the mitral valve leaflet is a primary cause of congenital mitral regurgitation, stemming from developmental anomalies in the mitral valve and frequently associated with other congenital heart defects. Concurrent presence of cleft in mitral valve leaflet with atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect is relatively rare. Echocardiography, especially transesophageal echocardiography, is essential in diagnosing cleft mitral valve leaflet and related congenital heart defects, providing critical, detailed imagery for accurate assessment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: It remains controversial whether adding ezetimibe to low/moderate-intensity statins has a more beneficial impact on the treatment efficacy and safety of patients with existing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) compared to high-intensity statin regimens.
Hypothesis: A combination of low/moderate-intensity statins plus ezetimibe might be more effective and safer than high-intensity statin monotherapy.
Methods: We searched databases for randomized controlled trials comparing lipid profile alterations, drug-related adverse events, and MACE components between high-intensity statin monotherapy and low/moderate-intensity statin plus ezetimibe combination therapy.
Article Synopsis
- New-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is common after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and can increase stroke risk; this study compares the safety and feasibility of two anticoagulants, Warfarin and Rivaroxaban, in such patients.
- A randomized trial with 66 patients showed no thrombotic or major bleeding events in either group, although minor bleeding occurred with no significant difference.
- The findings suggest that both anticoagulants are safe and effective, potentially favoring Rivaroxaban for its convenience in managing POAF after CABG surgery.*
Background: High-intensity statin therapy is currently recommended initial guideline therapy in ACS treatment. However, only a minority of patients are achieving LDL-C attainment goal at 6 months. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are on recommended guideline therapy post-ACS if LDL-C goal attainment is not achieved after high-intensity statin (4-6 weeks) and after the addition of ezetimibe if guideline goal attainment is not achieved after an additional 4-6 weeks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGM1 gangliosidosis is one type of hereditary error of metabolism that occurs due to the absence or reduction of β-galactosidase enzyme content in the lysosome of cells, including neurons. In vitro, the use of neural cell lines could facilitate the study of this disease. By creating a cell model of GM1 gangliosidosis on the SH-SY5Y human nerve cell line, it is possible to understand the main role of this enzyme in breaking down lipid substrate and other pathophysiologic phenomena this disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been increasingly used in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). Since coronary artery disease (CAD) is common among these patients, it is crucial to choose the best method and timing of revascularization. This study aims to compare different timing strategies of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI to clarify whether PCI timing affects the patients' outcomes or not.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF