Association of the OPRM1 variant and clinical manifestations in tramadol poisoned patients: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: The opioid receptor mu1 is a protein coding gene that can have different codes for a protein and may have variations (polymorphisms) affecting how opioids work. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the most common opioid receptor mu1 polymorphism () and any relationship between this polymorphism and features following tramadol overdose.

Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients admitted with tramadol poisoning to an Iranian hospital.

Transgenerational Effects of Arsenic Exposure on Learning and Memory in Rats: Crosstalk between Arsenic Methylation, Hippocampal Metabolism, and Histone Modifications.

Arsenic (As) is widely present in the natural environment, and exposure to it can lead to learning and memory impairment. However, the underlying epigenetic mechanisms are still largely unclear. This study aimed to reveal the role of histone modifications in environmental levels of arsenic (sodium arsenite) exposure-induced learning and memory dysfunction in male rats, and the inter/transgenerational effects of paternal arsenic exposure were also investigated.

The Clinical Toxicology Recommendations Collaborative: purpose, organization, and methodology.

Introduction: Scientific societies aim to provide a collective voice and unified stance on important issues. The Clinical Toxicology Recommendations Collaborative was formed in 2016 to develop evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for the management of patients exposed to common and/or serious poisonings for which the management is unclear or controversial.

Organization: The Clinical Toxicology Recommendations Collaborative is led jointly by the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, the Asia Pacific Association of Medical Toxicology, and the European Association of Poison Centres and Clinical Toxicologists.

Associations between short-term exposure to fine particulate matter and acute myocardial infarction: A case-crossover study.

Background: Previous studies evaluated the impact of particle matters (PM) on the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) based on local registries.

Hypothesis: This study aimed to evaluate possible short term effect of air pollutants on occurrence of AMI based on a specific case report sheet that was designed for this purpose.

Methods: AMI was documented among 982 patients who referred to the emergency departments in Tehran, Iran, between July 2017 to March 2019.

Outbreak of methanol-induced optic neuropathy in early COVID-19 era; effectiveness of erythropoietin and methylprednisolone therapy.

Background: Methanol is a highly toxic, non-potable alcohol. Outbreaks of methanol toxicity occur due to its fraudulent addition to alcoholic beverages as a cheaper substitute for ethanol. Recently, alongside the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, rumors circulated on social media that consuming alcohol can prevent or cure the virus, leading to a COVID-19 and methanol-induced optic neuropathy (MON) syndemic.

Metabolic biomarkers linking urinary arsenic species to gestational diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study in Chinese pregnant women.

Environmental arsenic (As) exposure has been associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. Our recent study found that GDM was positively associated with urinary As level while negatively correlated to As. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between arsenic species and GDM remain largely unknown.

Medically important snakes and snakebite envenoming in Iran.

Snakebite is a relatively common health condition in Iran with a diverse snake fauna, especially in tropical southern and mountainous western areas of the country with a plethora of snake species. The list of medically important snakes, circumstances and effects of their bite, and necessary medical care require critical appraisal and should be updated regularly. This study aims to review and map the distributions of medically important snake species of Iran, re-evaluate their taxonomy, review their venomics, describe the clinical effects of envenoming, and discuss medical management and treatment, including the use of antivenom.

Diagnostic of Cytokeratin-19 Gene Expression in Iranian Breast Cancer Patients.

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is currently the recommended procedure for axillary staging in clinically node-negative early breast cancer at diagnosis. The present study aimed to identify Cytokeratin-19 (CK19) gene profiles that accurately predicted the outcome of breast cancer patients. Fifty tumor samples from breast cancer patients were analyzed for the expression of the CK19 gene using quantitative PCR.

Blood lead level evaluation in children presenting with chronic constipation in Tehran-Iran: a cross-sectional study.

Constipation is a common reason for children seeking medical care worldwide. Abdominal complaints and constipation are also common in lead-poisoned children. This study evaluates the prevalence of abnormal blood lead levels (BLL) among pediatric and adolescent patients and examines the association of constipation with elevated BLL.

Novel model prediction time-to-event analysis: data validation and estimation of 200 million cases in the global COVID-19 epidemic.

Objectives: Assessment of recuperation and death times of a population inflicted by an epidemic has only been feasible through studying a sample of individuals via time-to-event analysis, which requires identified participants. Therefore, we aimed to introduce an original model to estimate the average recovery/death times of infected population of contagious diseases without the need to undertake survival analysis and just through the data of unidentified infected, recovered and dead cases.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Dermatologic features of chronic intramuscular use of ketamine: a case report.

A 33-year-old female presented with lethargy due to multidrug toxicity. At physical examination, both gluteal regions showed brown patchy scars. The atrophic scars surrounding necrotic lesions were round and brown in appearance, and gluteal mass had gradually been lost.

Evaluating new simplified assays for harm reduction from methanol poisoning using chromotropic acid kits: An analytical study on Indian and Iranian alcoholic beverages.

Background: Ingestion of methanol can result in severe irreversible morbidity, and death. Simple and easy methods to detect methanol and other hazardous additives prior to consumption can prevent fatalities. This form of harm reduction is analogous to the widely practiced "pill testing" of recreational drugs in various countries.

Fatal overdose from injection of human growth hormone; a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Human growth hormone (HGH) is a categorized as a performance-enhancing substance. HGH has been abused by athletes for doping purposes.

Case Presentation: We present a first lethal case of HGH acute toxicity.

Ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block and intravenous fentanyl in pain management of the patients with hip fracture: a prospective, randomized, single blinded clinical trial.

Aim: Proximal femoral fracture is a painful condition. Pain alleviation is a treatment cornerstone to both comfort the patient and reduce adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate and compare ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block and intravenous fentanyl administration in relieving the pain of patients with hip fractures.

An in silico comparative transcriptome analysis identifying hub lncRNAs and mRNAs in brain metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a particularly lethal subtype of lung cancer. Metastatic lung tumours lead to most deaths from lung cancer. Predicting and preventing tumour metastasis is crucially essential for patient survivability.

Chronic exposure to methadone induces activated microglia and astrocyte and cell death in the cerebellum of adult male rats.

Methadone is a centrally-acting synthetic opioid analgesic widely used in the methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) programs throughout the world. Considering its neurotoxic effects particularly on the cerebellum, this study aims to address the behavioral and histological alterations in the cerebellar cortex associated with methadone administration. Twenty-four adult male albino rats were randomized into two groups of control and methadone treatment.

Neurologic sequelae of phosphide poisoning: A case report.

Background: Aluminum phosphide (ALP) is extremely toxic with a high mortality rate, mainly due to its cardiovascular complications. Some neurologic effects have also been reported with this pesticide.

Case Presentation: We present a 23-year-old male who presented with confusion after ingestion of a toxic dose of ALP.

Developing a novel prediction model in opioid overdose using machine learning; a pilot analytical study.

Background And Aims: The opioid epidemic has extended to many countries. Data regarding the accuracy of conventional prediction models including the Simplified Acute Physiologic Score (SAPS) II and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II are scarce in opioid overdose cases. We evaluate the efficacy of adding quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) data to clinical and paraclinical data in the prediction of opioid overdose mortality using machine learning.

Strategies for the treatment of acute benzodiazepine toxicity in a clinical setting: the role of antidotes.

Introduction: Although not a potentially life-threatening poisoning, benzodiazepine (BZD) intoxication may be life-threatening in special situations/populations or those with background diseases.

Areas Covered: The aim of this review is to evaluate all possible treatment options available in the literature for the management of benzodiazepine poisoning with special attention to antidote administration. We conducted a literature search using PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Cochrane central register from 1 January 1980 to 10 November 2021 using keywords 'benzodiazepine,' 'poisoning,' 'toxicity,' 'intoxication,' and 'treatment.

An interrupted time series analysis of hospital admissions due to alcohol intoxication during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tehran, Iran.

The COVID-19 outbreak affected mental health globally. One of the major concerns following the COVID-19 pandemic was increased incidence of risky behaviors including alcohol consumption. This study evaluates the trend of alcohol poisoning in Loghman-Hakim Hospital (LHH), the main referral center of poisoning in Tehran, during the 2-year period from 1 year prior to 1 year after the onset (February 23rd, 2020) of the COVID-19 epidemic in Iran.