Approaches to Muslim Biomedical Ethics: A Classification and Critique.

This paper provides a perspective on where contemporary Muslim responses to biomedical-ethical issues stand to date. There are several ways in which Muslim responses to biomedical ethics can and have been studied in academia. The responses are commonly divided along denominational lines or under the schools of jurisprudence.

Is Circumcision "Necessary" in Islam? A Philosophical Argument Based on Peer Disagreement.

In recent years, there has been a resurgence in debates on the ethics of child genital cutting practices, both female and male, including within a Muslim context. Opponents of female genital cutting sometimes assert that the practice is not mentioned explicitly in the Qur'an as a way of implying that it does not have any religious standing within Islam. However, neither is male genital cutting mentioned explicitly in the Qur'an, and yet most people accept that it is a Muslim religious practice.

Preparation and characterization of PAN nanofibers containing boehmite nanoparticles for the removal of microbial contaminants and cadmium ions from water.

Nanofibers of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/boehmite were prepared by electrospinning a homogeneous solution of PAN/DMF (dimethyl formamide). Enhancing the amount of boehmite nanoparticles (NPs) led to increase in the nanofibers' diameter. Samples had high pure water flux, which did not change significantly with boehmite concentration, but decreased with increasing electrospinning duration.

A cystine-based dual chemosensor for fluorescent-colorimetric detection of CN and fluorescent detection of Fe in aqueous media: Synthesis, spectroscopic, and DFT studies.

A new dual-responsive chiral cystine based chemosensor, Cys(cou), has been designed and characterized by H NMR, C NMR, FT-IR, UV-vis as well as elemental analysis. This sensor exhibited an excellent response towards Fe and CN with high selectivity and sensitivity by fluorescence turn-off mechanism. The binding mode of Cys(cou) with Fe, and CN was confirmed by ESI-MS, H NMR, and fluorescence titration and also quantum chemical calculation.

The effects of second electron acceptor group on the performance of tetrazole-based nanocrystalline TiO sensitizers in DSSCs.

Three new organic sensitizers with two electron acceptor groups were synthesized and applied to nanocrystalline TiO solar cells. The ethyl 2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) acetate, (2H-tetrazol-5-yl) acrylonitrile and 1H-tetrazole-5-acetic acid moieties were introduced to the triphenylamine as electron acceptor groups. The photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of the solar cells based on the synthesized sensitizers were studied and compared with their counterparts of single electron acceptor type.

Nature of intramolecular interactions of vitamin C in view of interacting quantum atoms: the role of hydrogen bond cooperativity on geometry.

The conformational analysis of six dihedral angles was calculated by second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) with the correlation-consistent aug-cc-pVDZ basis set. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) was applied to gain a description of the atoms and chemical bonds. A high content of hydroxyl groups in vitamin C's (VC) structure leads to a wide range of intramolecular interactions.

Medical Ethics in Qiṣāṣ (Eye-for-an-Eye) Punishment: An Islamic View; an Examination of Acid Throwing.

Physicians in Islamic countries might be requested to participate in the Islamic legal code of qiṣāṣ, in which the victim or family has the right to an eye-for-an-eye retaliation. Qiṣāṣ is only used as a punishment in the case of murder or intentional physical injury. In situations such as throwing acid, the national legal system of some Islamic countries asks for assistance from physicians, because the punishment should be identical to the crime.

Experimental and theoretical study of racemization, stability and tautomerism of vitamin C stereoisomers.

Experimental degradation of vitamin C (VC) in water was monitored using specific rotation, FT-IR and (1)H NMR at room temperature and at 80-90°C. The optical activity was reduced (100%) to zero after 6 and 63 days at 80-90°C (≅25% in less than 24h) and room temperature, respectively. (1)H NMR and FT-IR was performed after these periods which indicated the formation of a complex mixture at higher stirring time and elevated temperature.

Theoretical investigation of the borazine-melamine polymer as a novel candidate for hydrogen storage applications.

Ab initio calculations and molecular dynamic simulation were employed to study the interaction of molecular hydrogen with the borazine-melamine polymer (BMP) in order to explore its potential for hydrogen storage applications. The calculations were performed using the long range corrected version of density functional theory, the Coulomb-attenuating method (CAM-B3LYP) and the second order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2). The results showed that the average adsorption energy per hydrogen is about -0.

Linear free energy relationship for the anomeric effect: MP2, DFT and ab initio study of 2-substituted-1,4-dioxanes.

The anomeric effect of 2-substituted 1,4-dioxane derivatives was calculated and compared with the values for substituted cyclohexane. The bond lengths, bond angles, torsion angles, and relative energies of axial and equatorial conformers of 2-substituted 1,4-dioxanes were calculated by the second-order Møller-Plesset (MP2), density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP), and Hartree-Fock (HF) methods using 6-31G(∗) basis set. The energy differences between the axial and equatorial conformers, endo and exo-anomeric effects, repulsive non-bond and H-bonding interactions were investigated.

Experimental and CIS, TD-DFT, ab initio calculations of visible spectra and the vibrational frequencies of sulfonyl azide-azoic dyes.

The detailed experimental and computational analysis [Hartree-Fock (HF), Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory (TD-DFT) and Second-Order Møller-Plesset Perturbation Theory (PM2) levels of theory at standard 6-31G* basis set] of structure, infrared spectra and visible spectra of azo dyes are investigated. The optimized geometries and calculated vibrational frequencies are evaluated via comparison with experimental values. The vibrational spectral data obtained from solid phase FT-IR spectra are assigned based on the results of the theoretical calculations.

Spectroscopic, quantum chemical DFT/HF study and synthesis of [2.2.1] hept-2'-en-2'-amino-N-azatricyclo [3.2.1.0(2,4)] octane.

The compound 4-N-bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2'-en-2'-amino-N-azatricyclo [3.

DFT and ab initio study of structure of dyes derived from 2-hydroxy and 2,4-dihydroxy benzoic acids.

We present a detailed analysis of the structural, infrared spectra and visible spectra of a series of azo dyes preparation of salicylic acid and 2,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid derivatives as the coupling component. The preparation of these azo dyes with salicylic acid and 2,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid derivatives (salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, ethyl salicylate, butyl salicylate, methyl 2,4-dihydroxy benzoate, ethyl 2,4-dihydroxy benzoate, salicylaldehyde, salicylamide, 2,4-dihydroxy benzamide, salicylaldoxime) have been investigated theoretically by performing HF and DFT levels of theory using the standard 6-31G* basis set. The optimized geometries and calculated vibrational frequencies are evaluated via comparison with experimental values.

DFT and ab initio calculations of the vibrational frequencies and visible spectra of triazenes derived from cyclic amines.

We present a detailed analysis of the structural, infrared spectra and visible spectra of the 4-substituted aminoazo-benzenesulfonyl azides. The preparation of 4-sulfonyl azide benzenediazonium chloride with cyclic amines of various ring sizes (pyrrolidine, piperidine, 4-methylpiperidine, N-methylpiperazine, morpholine and hexamethyleneimine) have been investigated theoretically by performing HF and DFT levels of theory using the standard 6-31G* basis set. The optimized geometries and calculated vibrational frequencies are evaluated via comparison with experimental values.

NMR investigation of methyl-2,4-dimethoxysalicylate: effect of solvent and temperature.

(1)H NMR and (13)C NMR of methyl-2,4-dimethoxysalicylate 2 was measured in chloroform-d at the temperature range of 220-330 K, in dimethyl sulfoxide-d(6) at the temperature range of 300-400 K and in a polar protic solvent (CD(3)OD) at 300 K. The structure of 2 in liquid phase (solvent) is compared with those in solid phase (X-ray) and in the gas phase (quantum mechanical calculations). The relationship between molecular geometry, (1)H NMR chemical shift and W coupling of involved protons has a complex nature, but hydrogen bonds [C=O.