Assessing the potential of fedaleh () essential oils as a natural herbicide for spring-summer crops.

Large quantities of chemical herbicides are used in agroecosystems every year, which not only imposes a significant financial burden on farmers but also leads to environmental pollution. To address this challenge, the present study aimed to replace Treflan with Fedaleh essential oils (EO). Treflan is a commonly used chemical herbicide for spring-summer crops, and has been chosen as a prevalent and abundant weed in many agricultural ecosystems.