The human SMAD9 (GCC) repeat links to natural selection and late-onset neurocognitive disorders.

Introduction: Whereas (GCC)-repeats are overrepresented in genic regions, and mutation hotspots, they are largely unexplored with regard to their link with natural selection. Across numerous primate species and tissues, SMAD9 (SMAD Family Member 9) reaches highest level of expression in the human brain. This gene contains a (GCC)-repeat in the interval between + 1 and + 60 of the transcription start site, which is in the high-ranking (GCC)-repeats with respect to length.

COVID-19 vaccines breakthrough infection and adverse reactions in medical students: a nationwide survey in Iran.

Introduction: There are different types of COVID-19 vaccines approved worldwide. Since no national studies focus on vaccine-related adverse reactions and breakthrough cases, this study aimed to investigate the rate of adverse events and COVID-19 infection in medical students in Iran.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included Iranian medical students who received two doses of COVID-19 vaccines.

A (GCC) repeat in SBF1 reveals a novel biological phenomenon in human and links to late onset neurocognitive disorder.

The human SBF1 (SET binding factor 1) gene, alternatively known as MTMR5, is predominantly expressed in the brain, and its epigenetic dysregulation is linked to late-onset neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), such as Alzheimer's disease. This gene contains a (GCC)-repeat at the interval between + 1 and + 60 of the transcription start site (SBF1-202 ENST00000380817.8).

Novel implications of a strictly monomorphic (GCC) repeat in the human PRKACB gene.

PRKACB (Protein Kinase CAMP-Activated Catalytic Subunit Beta) is predominantly expressed in the brain, and regulation of this gene links to neuroprotective effects against tau and Aβ-induced toxicity. Here we studied a (GCC)-repeat spanning the core promoter and 5' UTR of this gene in 300 human subjects, consisting of late-onset neurocognitive disorder (NCD) (N = 150) and controls (N = 150). We also implemented several models to study the impact of this repeat on the three-dimensional (3D) structure of DNA.

Natural Selection at the NHLH2 Core Promoter Exceptionally Long CA-Repeat in Human and Disease-Only Genotypes in Late-Onset Neurocognitive Disorder.

Background: Approximately 2% of the human core promoter short tandem repeats (STRs) reach lengths of ≥6 repeats, which may in part be a result of adaptive evolutionary processes and natural selection. A single-exon transcript of the human nescient helix loop helix 2 (NHLH2) gene is flanked by the longest CA-repeat detected in a human protein-coding gene core promoter (Ensembl transcript ID: ENST00000369506.1).

Effect of Layering Technique on Push-Out Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Intracanal Dentin of Primary Anterior Teeth.

Objectives: This in-vitro study aimed to compare the push-out bond strength of composite resin posts packed into the root canal of primary anterior teeth using two different layering techniques.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two primary anterior teeth were randomly divided into two groups. In group 1, after the preparation of post spaces, a posterior composite resin (Filtek P60) was packed in three horizontal layers by a composite condenser instrument with a cylindrical tip using the horizontal layering technique (HLT).

Effect of Etching Time and Preparation on Push-Out Bond Strength of Composite to Intracanal Dentin of Primary Anterior Teeth.

Objectives: This in-vitro study aimed to compare the push-out bond strength of composite to prepared and unprepared intracanal dentin using a 5th generation bonding agent in primary anterior teeth after etching for seven and 15 seconds.

Materials And Methods: Sixty primary anterior teeth were randomly divided into four groups. In groups one and two, intracanal dentin remained intact while in groups three and four it was prepared using a #5 round bur and low-speed handpiece.

Comparison of Marginal Circumference of Two Different Pre-Crimped Stainless Steel Crowns for Primary Molars After Re-Crimping.

Objectives: It is not clear what type of pre-crimped crown is more successful in achieving greater marginal adaptation following re-crimping. This study aimed to assess the changes in the circumference of 3M ESPE and MIB pre-crimped stainless steel crowns (SSCs) for the primary maxillary and mandibular first and second molars following re-crimping.

Materials And Methods: This was an in-vitro, experimental study.

Role of Anatomic and Salivary Factors in Dental Calculus Formation in Primary and Mixed Dentition Stages.

Purpose: Clinical experience shows that formation of calculus is a very rare phenomenon in primary teeth, but it increases as the permanent teeth erupt. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between dental calculus, dental anatomy, and salivary factors in primary and mixed dentition stages.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the buccolingual dimensions of the most concave and the most convex surfaces of the lingual aspect of mandibular central incisor crowns in a sample group of 120 three- to five-old children and 120 eight- to 10-year old children.

Comparison of Primary Molar Crown Dimensions with Stainless Steel Crowns in a Sample of Iranian Children.

Background and aims. Due to anatomic variation in tooth anatomy between populations, this study compared the buccolingual (BL) and mesiodistal (MD) dimensions of primary molars with those of stainless steel crowns (SSCs) in anIranian population. Materials and methods.

Bond Strength of 5(th), 6(th) and 7(th) Generation Bonding Agents to Intracanal Dentin of Primary Teeth.

Objectives: This in-vitro study sought to assess the push-out bond strength of a total etch and 2 self-etch bonding systems to intracanal dentin of primary anterior teeth (PAT).

Materials And Methods: Thirty-six primary anterior teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups of 5(th) generation (Single Bond 2), 6(th) generation (Clearfil SE) and 7(th) generation (Single Bond Universal) bonding agents. The canal orifice was restored with composite resin and the push-out test was carried out to assess the bond strength.

Informing Parents about the Pharmacological and Invasive Behavior Management Techniques Used in Pediatric Dentistry.

Background and aims. Parental acceptance and consent are important parameters in selecting the required behavior management technique during pediatric dental treatment. The present study sought to assess the effect of three different informing methods on the parental acceptance, consent and concern regarding the pharmacological and invasive behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry.

The effect of using different rinsing angles on the micro-tensile bond strength of the sealant to the etched enamel.

Background: Attempts to enhance bond strength of the sealant have been among the most important sides of dental research.

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of using different rinsing angles on the micro-tensile bond strength of the sealant to the etched enamel.

Settings And Design: Experimental study.

The effect of using different rinsing angles on the micro-tensile bond strength of the sealant to the etched enamel.

Background And Objectives: Attempts to enhance bond strength of the sealant have been among the most important sides of dental research. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of using different rinsing angles on the micro-tensile bond strength of the sealant to the etched enamel.

Materials And Methods: Sixty first-premolars were randomly assigned to six groups based on the rinsing angle applied (15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°).

Neuroprotective effects of the immunomodulatory drug Setarud on cerebral ischemia in male rats.

Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agents can alleviate ischemic cerebral injury. The immunomodulary drug Setarud, which is composed of herbal extracts including Rosa canina, Urtica dioica and Tanacetum vulgare, supplemented with selenium exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Therefore, we hypothesized that Setarud will have a neuroprotective effect against ischemic cerebral injury.

The Effect of Parental Presence on the 5 year-Old Children's Anxiety and Cooperative Behavior in the First and Second Dental Visit.

Objective: One of the most significant problems in pediatric dentistry is behavioral resistance of preschool children in the first visit. There is a debate on parental presence in operation room. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Iranian 5-year-old children's behavior including anxiety and cooperation relative to parental presence in the first and second dental appointments.