Predicting Survival and Recurrence of Lung Ablation Patients Using Deep Learning-Based Automatic Segmentation and Radiomics Analysis.

Purpose: To predict survival and tumor recurrence following image-guided thermal ablation (IGTA) of lung tumors segmented using a deep learning approach.

Methods And Materials: A total of 113 patients who underwent IGTA for primary and metastatic lung tumors at a single institution between January 1, 2004 and July 14, 2022 were retrospectively identified. A pretrained U-Net model was applied to the dataset of pre- and post-procedure CT scans to segment lung zones.

Identifying protein conformational states in the Protein Data Bank: Toward unlocking the potential of integrative dynamics studies.

Studying protein dynamics and conformational heterogeneity is crucial for understanding biomolecular systems and treating disease. Despite the deposition of over 215 000 macromolecular structures in the Protein Data Bank and the advent of AI-based structure prediction tools such as AlphaFold2, RoseTTAFold, and ESMFold, static representations are typically produced, which fail to fully capture macromolecular motion. Here, we discuss the importance of integrating experimental structures with computational clustering to explore the conformational landscapes that manifest protein function.

The Application of Large Language Models for Radiologic Decision Making.

Background And Purpose: Large language models (LLMs) have seen explosive growth, but their potential role in medical applications remains underexplored. Our study investigates the capability of LLMs to predict the most appropriate imaging study for specific clinical presentations in various subspecialty areas in radiology.

Methods And Materials: Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), by OpenAI and Glass AI by Glass Health were tested on 1,075 clinical scenarios from 11 ACR expert panels to determine the most appropriate imaging study, benchmarked against the ACR Appropriateness Criteria.

Use of Large Language Models to Predict Neuroimaging.

Purpose: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated a level of competency within the medical field. The aim of this study was to explore the ability of LLMs to predict the best neuroradiologic imaging modality given specific clinical presentations. In addition, the authors seek to determine if LLMs can outperform an experienced neuroradiologist in this regard.

Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of early sea star development.

Echinoderms represent a broad phylum with many tractable features to test evolutionary changes and constraints. Here, we present a single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of early development in the sea star Patiria miniata, to complement the recent analysis of two sea urchin species. We identified 20 cell states across six developmental stages from 8 hpf to mid-gastrula stage, using the analysis of 25,703 cells.

Clinical effects of simvastatin in chronic hepatitis C patients receiving sofosbuvir/daclatasvir combination. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study.

Aim Of The Study: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) affects more than 71 million people worldwide. Many therapies containing different direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are now used. However, lipid profile is considered an important outcome with DAAs.

PDBe: improved findability of macromolecular structure data in the PDB.

The Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe), a founding member of the Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB), actively participates in the deposition, curation, validation, archiving and dissemination of macromolecular structure data. PDBe supports diverse research communities in their use of macromolecular structures by enriching the PDB data and by providing advanced tools and services for effective data access, visualization and analysis. This paper details the enrichment of data at PDBe, including mapping of RNA structures to Rfam, and identification of molecules that act as cofactors.

Effects of Atrial Fibrillation Cardioversion after Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty on Echocardiographic Left and Right Atrial Functions.

Amongst patients with mitral stenosis (MS), the most common complication is AF.Our study aimed at evaluating the effect of AF cardioversion after Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty (PMBV) on echocardiographic atrial functions. The study included 34 patients with MS and AF, presenting to Ain-shams University hospitals, who underwent successful PMBV then randomized into 2 different groups according to AF management strategy.