Supervised and Unsupervised Screen Time and Its Association With Physical, Mental, and Social Health of School-Going Children in Dhaka, Bangladesh: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Children's screen time has substantially increased worldwide, including in Bangladesh, especially since the pandemic, which is raising concern about its potential adverse effects on their physical, mental, and social health. Parental supervision may play a crucial role in mitigating these negative impacts. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence assessing the relationship between parental screen time supervision and health outcomes among school children in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Designing siRNA for silencing the human ERBB2 gene in cancer treatment: Evaluating intracellular delivery strategies.

The ERBB2 is one of the most studied genes in oncology for its significant role in human malignancies. The metastasis-associated properties that facilitate cancer metastasis can be enhanced by activating the ERBB2 receptor signaling pathways. Additionally, therapeutic resistance is conferred by ERBB2 overexpression via receptor-mediated antiapoptotic signals.

Loss of CHOP Prevents Joint Degeneration and Pain in a Mouse Model of Pseudoachondroplasia.

Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH), a severe dwarfing condition characterized by impaired skeletal growth and early joint degeneration, results from mutations in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). These mutations disrupt normal protein folding, leading to the accumulation of misfolded COMP in chondrocytes. The MT-COMP mouse is a murine model of PSACH that expresses D469del human COMP in response to doxycycline and replicates the PSACH chondrocyte and clinical pathology.

MAT2A inhibitor AG-270/S095033 in patients with advanced malignancies: a phase I trial.

Homozygous MTAP deletion occurs in ~15% of cancers, making them vulnerable to decreases in the concentration of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). AG-270/S095033 is an oral, potent, reversible inhibitor of methionine adenosyltransferase 2 A (MAT2A), the enzyme primarily responsible for the synthesis of SAM. We report results from the first-in-human, phase 1 trial of AG-270/S095033 as monotherapy in patients with advanced malignancies (ClinicalTrials.

Characteristics, Contamination Levels, and Ecosystem Risk Assessment of Microplastics in Surface Water of a Highly Urbanized River from a Developing Country.

Microplastic (MP) contamination poses significant risks to ecosystems and human health. However, the absence of standardized protocols, detailed polymer identification, and sources identification hinders the development of targeted mitigation strategies, particularly in developing nations. There is a scarcity of comprehensive data on MP distribution, sources, and transport mechanisms in freshwater environments.

The Role of Group and Save Testing Prior to Emergency Laparoscopic Appendicectomy.

The routine use of preoperative group and save (G&S) blood tests in emergency laparoscopic appendicectomies has been a standard yet often unquestioned practice. However, with the advancements in laparoscopic techniques and the low risk of intraoperative bleeding, is this precaution necessary? Analysing 276 emergency appendicectomy cases over a year, our study revealed that no transfusions were required due to surgical complications. Nevertheless, routine G&S testing causes considerable financial and resource strains, consuming valuable time and delaying treatment.

An immunoinformatics and extensive molecular dynamics study to develop a polyvalent multi-epitope vaccine against cryptococcosis.

Cryptococcosis is a lethal mycosis instigated by the pathogenic species Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, primarily affects the lungs, manifesting as pneumonia, and the brain, where it presents as meningitis. Mortality rate could reach 100% if infections remain untreated in cryptococcal meningitis. Treatment options for cryptococcosis are limited and and there are no licensed vaccines clinically available to treat or prevent cryptococcosis.

Adverse effects of heat shock in rice ( L.) and approaches to mitigate it for sustainable rice production under the changing climate: A comprehensive review.

Heat shock, a transient exposure to high temperatures, is a substantial hazard to rice ( L.) production and sustainability. The objective of this review paper is to summarize the impact of heat shock on rice and explore approaches to mitigate its adverse effects to achieve sustainable production.

Bioremediation of dissolved organic compounds in produced water from oil and gas operations using Chlorella sorokiniana: a sustainable approach.

The sustainable treatment of petroleum-derived produced water (PW), a significant byproduct of oil and gas extraction, presents a persistent problem due to the presence of organic pollutants. This study examines the potential of the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana (C. sorokiniana) for the bioremediation of dissolved organic pollutants in PW.

Rheological, Fresh State, and Strength Characteristics of Alkali-Activated Mortars Incorporating MgO and Carbon Nanoparticles.

This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the fresh state, rheological, and mechanical properties of alkali-activated mortars (AAMs) developed by incorporating magnesium oxide (MgO) and nanomaterials. A total of 24 AAM mixes with varying content of MgO, multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were developed following the one-part dry mix technique using powder-based activators/reagents. The effects of the types/combinations of source materials (binary or ternary)/reagents, MgO (0 to 5%), MWCNT (0 to 0.

Identification of Inhibitors of virus nsP2 ATPase.

Non-structural protein 2 (nsP2), which plays an essential role in replication of CHIKV, contains a protease, helicase, and methyltransferase-like domain. We executed a simple a screen using malachite green to detect compounds that decreased ATP hydrolysis and tested a library of diverse compounds to find inhibitors of CHIKV nsP2 helicase.

Strength training with electrical stimulation has no or little effect on the very weak muscles of patients with spinal cord injury: a randomised trial.

Question: Is electrical stimulation (ES) combined with strength training and usual care more effective than usual care alone in increasing the strength of very weak muscles in people with recent spinal cord injury (SCI)?

Design: A randomised controlled trial with concealed allocation, intention-to-treat analysis and blinded outcome assessors.

Participants: Sixty participants with recent SCI were recruited from three SCI units in Australia and Bangladesh.

Interventions: Participants were randomised to either a treatment or control group.

Electrostatic adsorptive loading of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole on chitosan nanoparticles to prolong the drug delivery process with preserved antibacterial activities: formulation and characterization.

This study presents the formulation and evaluation of chitosan-based homogeneous nanoparticles of ciprofloxacin (CP) and metronidazole (MTZ) with improved loading efficiency to enhance the controlled release of drug within the human body as well as for the enhancement of the antibacterial activity. The drug-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were prepared using deacetylated chitosan extracted from shrimp shells. The characterization of the drug-loaded CSNPs were performed by FTIR, XRD, SEM and TEM analyses.

Cross-neutralization of Influenza A by SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing antibodies and polyclonal plasma: Is pre-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 protective against Influenza A?

According to sparse information from various countries, the seasonal influenza virus circulation has drastically decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we show the cross-reactivity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against influenza viruses. Plasma samples were collected from 311 SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals.

Determinants of the factors affecting the governance structure choice of the pineapple value chain: A case study on market-based agroforestry in Bangladesh.

This study examines the governance structures selected by pineapple farmers in the agroforestry system of Bangladesh and the determinants that impact their choices for these structures. To evaluate the factors influencing farmers' decisions to participate in spot markets, bilateral agreements, or association transactions, the study utilizes both quantitative and qualitative approaches, including surveys of 200 farmers, 15 focus group discussions (FGDs), and 2 key informant interviews (KIIs). In order to choose individual participants, the study employed a stratified random sampling technique.

Contribution of malnutrition to infant and child deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

Introduction: Malnutrition contributes to 45% of all childhood deaths globally, but these modelled estimates lack direct measurements in countries with high malnutrition and under-5 mortality rates. We investigated malnutrition's role in infant and child deaths in the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network.

Methods: We analysed CHAMPS data from seven sites (Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Sierra Leone and South Africa) collected between 2016 and 2023.

Adherence to diabetic retinopathy screening among children and young adults in Bangladesh.

Background: Effective diabetic retinopathy screening (DRS) programmes are important in preventing vision impairment and blindness caused by diabetes. This study focuses on identifying the factors affecting attendance or non-adherence to DRS among children and young adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Bangladesh.

Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used, which included patients diagnosed with DM aged 12-26 years from Bangladesh who were registered at BIRDEM Women and Children hospital in Dhaka.

Effect of organic amendments on the alleviation of cadmium in red amaranth (Amaranthus gangeticus) grown in Cd-contaminated saline soils.

Cd-contaminated saline soil is now becoming a serious threat affecting sustainable agriculture throughout the world. In this study, organic amendments (OA) were applied to Cd-contaminated saline soils to, firstly, reduce the bioavailability of Cd in soil and, secondly, minimize Cd accumulation in red amaranth (Amaranthus gangeticus) plant. The soil was treated with 1% and 2% of cow dung (CD), vermicompost (VC), waste tea (WT), saw dust (SD), rice hull (RH), and compost.

Laboratory investigations of liver function and lipid profiles tests before and after oral isotretinoin treatment among Acne valgaris clients at Ibri Polyclinic: A retrospective study.

Background: Oral isotretinoin is a powerful medication commonly used for treating severe Acne valgaris, particularly in cases that are resistant to conventional therapies like topical treatments and antibiotics. It is a retinoid derived from vitamin A, known for its ability to significantly reduce sebum production, prevent clogged pores, and decrease inflammation.

Objective: This study investigates the changes in liver function tests and lipid profiles before and after the use of oral isotretinoin among Acne Vulgaris clients.

A Covalent Chemical Probe for nsP2 Cysteine Protease with Antialphaviral Activity and Proteome-wide Selectivity.

RA-0003022 () was identified as a high-quality covalent chemical probe for nsP2 cysteine protease (nsP2pro). Isoxazole covalently captured the active site C478 and inactivated the enzyme with a / ratio of 6000 Ms. A negative control analog RA-0025453 () retained the covalent warhead but demonstrated >100-fold decrease in enzyme inhibition.

Welfare assessment of broiler chickens at live bird market of Chattogram in Bangladesh.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the welfare conditions of broiler chickens in the live bird markets (LBMs) in Bangladesh.

Materials And Methods: A total of fifty broiler outlets were studied in 10 LBMs of Chattogram, Bangladesh. A total of 10 chickens were observed to check the welfare issues during slaughter from each outlet ( = 500).

Oat polar lipids and sunflower lecithin similarly improve cardiometabolic risk markers and appetite controlling hormone responses after breakfast and a subsequent lunch. A randomized crossover study in healthy adults.

Introduction: The alarming global increase in lifestyle-related disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased during the last several decades. Poor dietary choices significantly contribute to this increase and prevention measures are urgently needed. Dietary intake of bioactive compounds found in foods are linked to a decrease likelihood of these disorders.

Urban Versus Rural Differences in Meeting 24-h Movement Behaviour Guidelines Among 3-4-Year-Olds: An Analysis of SUNRISE Pilot Study Data From 10 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Background: Insufficient physical activity, excessive screen time and short sleep duration among young children are global public health concerns; however, data on prevalence of meeting World Health Organisation 24-h movement behaviour guidelines for 3-4-year-old children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are limited, and it is unknown whether urbanisation is related to young children's movement behaviours. The present study examined differences in prevalence of meeting 24-h movement behaviour guidelines among 3-4-year-old children living in urban versus rural settings in LMICs.

Methods: The SUNRISE Study recruited 429, 3-4-year-old child/parent dyads from 10 LMICs.