Characterization of urethral fibrosis in a rabbit model: Potential roles of Wnt-β catenin pathway and epithelial to mesenchymal transition.

Aim: To elucidate the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie urethral fibrogenesis.

Methods: Endoluminal electrocautery injury (using Karl Storz 10 Fr. Pediatric urethroscope) was employed in male rabbits (n = 6) to create mucosal injury.

A Novel Endoluminal Ultrasound Imaging Technique to Determine Urethral Luminal Cross-Sectional Area.

Introduction And Objectives: Retrograde urethrogram (RUG) and voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) are currently the gold standard imaging technique for diagnosis of urethral stricture and determination of stricture location. However, RUG and VCUG have multiple limitations. These techniques require exposure to ionizing radiation, the quality is operator and patient dependent, there is a moderate degree of invasiveness with urethral catheterization, can have artifacts because of patient positioning that underestimates stricture length.

A preliminary study of the variability in location of the ureteral orifices with bladder filling by fluoroscopic guidance: the gender difference.

Background And Purpose: To determine landmarks for stent positioning in both ureteral orifices (UOs) and the gender differences in their location in men and women.

Patients And Methods: The location of the UO and the bladder neck (BN) was measured fluoroscopically by the intravesical distal location of an open-ended catheter marked with radiopaque materials. We compared the location in men (n = 12) and women (n = 12) with a full bladder (hydrostatic pressure of 50 cmH2O) or an empty bladder.