Probing ozone effects on European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L. and Ostrya carpinifolia Scop.) leaf water content through THz imaging and dynamic stomatal response.

We investigated the impact of ozone exposure on Hornbeam using a novel dual approach based on Terahertz (THz) imaging in a free-air ozone exposure experiment (three ozone levels: ambient; 1.5 times ambient; twice ambient). The research aims at unraveling the physiological responses induced by elevated ozone levels on water dynamics.

Stress physiology of Moringa oleifera under tropospheric ozone enrichment: An ecotype-specific investigation into growth, nonstructural carbohydrates, and polyphenols.

Ozone (O) is an oxidative pollutant that significantly threatens plant development and ecological dynamics. The present study explores the impact of O on Moringa (Moringa oleifera) ecotypes when exposed to ambient and elevated O levels. Elevated O concentrations resulted in significant reductions in total biomass for all ecotypes.

Unraveling the difference of sensitivity to ozone between non-hybrid native poplar and hybrid poplar clones: A flux-based dose-response analysis.

Poplars are economically important tree crops and biologically important model plants, which are known to be sensitive to ozone (O). Although surface O is considered as a significant global environmental issue because of its phytotoxicity and greenhouse effect, the knowledge of the dose-response (DR) relationships in poplars for the assessment of O risk is still limited. Hence, this study aimed at collecting data of studies with manipulative O exposures of poplars within FACE (Free Air Concentration Enhancement) and OTC (Open-Top Chamber) facilities.

Meteorological, chemical and biological evaluation of the coupled chemistry-climate WRF-Chem model from regional to urban scale. An impact-oriented application for human health.

Extreme climatic conditions, like heat waves or cold spells, associated to high concentrations of air pollutants are responsible for a broad range of effects on human health. Consequently, in the recent years, the question on how urban and peri-urban forests may improve both air quality and surface climate conditions at city-scale is receiving growing attention by scientists and policymakers, with previous studies demonstrating how nature-based solutions (NBS) may contribute to reduce the risk of population to be exposed to high pollutant levels and heat stress, preventing, thus, premature mortality. In this study we present a new modeling framework designed to simulate air quality and meteorological conditions from regional to urban scale, allowing thus to assess the impacts of both air pollution and heat stress on human health at urban level.

Ozone risk assessment with free-air controlled exposure (FACE) experiments: A critical revisit.

Since risk assessments of tropospheric ozone (O) are crucial for agricultural and forestry sectors, there is a growing body for realistic assessments by a stomatal flux-based approach in Free-Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) facilities. Ozone risks are normally described as relative risks (RRs), which are calculated by assuming the biomass or yield at zero O dose as "reference". However, the estimation of the reference biomass or yield is challenging due to a lack of O-clean-air treatment at the FACEs and the extrapolation without data in a low O range increases the bias for estimating the reference values.

Allocation of Nutrients and Leaf Turnover Rate in Poplar under Ambient and Enriched Ozone Exposure and Soil Nutrient Manipulation.

An excess of ozone (O) is currently stressing plant ecosystems and may negatively affect the nutrient use of plants. Plants may modify leaf turnover rates and nutrient allocation at the organ level to counteract O damage. We investigated leaf turnover rate and allocation of primary (C, N, P, K) and secondary macronutrients (Ca, S, Mg) under various O treatments (ambient concentration, AA, with a daily hourly average of 35 ppb; 1.

Untangling the role of leaf age specific osmoprotectant and antioxidant responses of two poplar clones under increasing ozone concentrations.

Plants possess different degrees of tolerance to abiotic stress, which can mitigate the detrimental effect of environmental inputs affecting carbon balance. Less is known about the functions of osmoprotectants in scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated at different sites depending on leaf age. This study aimed to clarify the osmotic adjustments adopted by old and young leaves of Oxford and I-214 poplar clones [differing in ozone (O) sensitivity] to cope with three levels of O [ambient (AA), and two elevated O levels].

An assessment of ozone risk for date palm suggests that phytotoxic ozone dose nonlinearly affects carbon gain.

Tropospheric ozone (O) is a significant phytotoxic air pollutant that has a negative impact on plant carbon gain. Although date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a globally important crop in arid or semi-arid regions, so far O risk assessment for this species has not been reported.

The magpie and the grapes: increasing ozone exposure impacts fruit consumption by a common corvid in a suburban environment.

Background: The Eurasian magpie Pica pica is a resident bird species able to colonize farmlands and anthropized environments. This corvid shows a wide trophic spectrum by including fruits, invertebrates, small vertebrates and carcasses in its diet. A camera-trap experiment was carried out to test the effect of different ozone (O) concentrations on potted Vitis vinifera plants, which resulted in different grape consumption rates by suburban birds.

A three-year free-air experimental assessment of ozone risk on the perennial Vitis vinifera crop species.

Tropospheric ozone (O) is an oxidative air pollutant that promotes damage to several crops, including grapevine, which is considered moderately resistant to O stress. To study the O effect on this perennial crop species under realistic environmental conditions, a three-year experiment was performed using an innovative O-FACE facility located in the Mediterranean climate region, where the target species, Vitis vinifera cv. "Cabernet sauvignon", was exposed to three O levels: ambient (AA), 1.

Surface ozone risk to human health and vegetation in tropical region: The case of Thailand.

Tropospheric ozone (O) is a threat to vegetation and human health over the world, in particular in Asia. Knowledge on O impacts on tropical ecosystems is still very limited. An O risk assessment to crops, forests, and people from 25 monitoring stations across the tropical and subtropical Thailand during 2005-2018 showed that 44% of sites exceeded the critical levels (CLs) of SOMO35 (i.

Functional responses of two Mediterranean pine species in an ozone Free-Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) experiment.

Effects of the phytotoxic and widespread ozone (O3) pollution may be species specific, but knowledge on Mediterranean conifer responses to long-term realistic exposure is still limited. We examined responses regarding to photosynthesis, needle biochemical stress markers and carbon and nitrogen (N) isotopes of two Mediterranean pine species (Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus pinea L.

Ethylenediurea protects against ozone phytotoxicity not by adding nitrogen or controlling stomata in a stomata-unresponsive hybrid poplar.

Ozone (O) pollution is a persistent environmental issue worldwide, which causes widespread damage to vegetation, deteriorating plant health and reducing plant productivity. Ethylenediurea (EDU) is a synthetic chemical that has been widely applied in scientific studies as a protectant against O phytotoxicities. Despite four decades of active research, the exact mechanisms to explain its mode of action remain unclear.

Strategic roadmap to assess forest vulnerability under air pollution and climate change.

Although it is an integral part of global change, most of the research addressing the effects of climate change on forests have overlooked the role of environmental pollution. Similarly, most studies investigating the effects of air pollutants on forests have generally neglected the impacts of climate change. We review the current knowledge on combined air pollution and climate change effects on global forest ecosystems and identify several key research priorities as a roadmap for the future.

Season-long exposure of bilberry plants to realistic and future ozone pollution improves the nutraceutical quality of fruits.

Ozone (O) is a phytotoxic air pollutant capable of limiting plant yield and growth, and altering the quality of edible plant products. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term O exposure at realistic and future concentrations (applied during fruit development) not only on morphological, physiological, and biochemical plant/leaf traits of Vaccinium myrtillus but also on its fruit yield and quality. Three-year-old saplings were grown from May to July under three levels of O concentration [1.

Species-specific variation of photosynthesis and mesophyll conductance to ozone and drought in three Mediterranean oaks.

Mesophyll conductance (g ) is one of the most important components in plant photosynthesis. Tropospheric ozone (O ) and drought impair physiological processes, causing damage to photosynthetic systems. However, the combined effects of O and drought on g are still largely unclear.

Stress markers and physiochemical responses of the Mediterranean shrub Phillyrea angustifolia under current and future drought and ozone scenarios.

Mediterranean plants are particularly threatened by the exacerbation of prolonged periods of summer drought and increasing concentrations of ground-level ozone (O). The aims of the present study were to (i) test if selected markers (i.e.

Experimental assessment of ozone risk on ecotypes of the tropical tree Moringa oleifera.

Ozone (O) is an oxidative air pollutant that affects plant growth. Moringa oleifera is a tree species distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions. This species presents high morphological plasticity, which increases its ability to tolerate stressful conditions, but with no O risk assessment calculated so far.

Metabolic and physiological alterations indicate that the tropical broadleaf tree Eugenia uniflora L. is sensitive to ozone.

Eugenia uniflora L. is an important fruit tree native to tropical South America that adapts to different habitats, thanks to its metabolic diversity and ability to adjust the leaf antioxidant metabolism. We hypothesized that this metabolic diversity would also enable E.