Biomarkers of Tretinoin Precursors and Tretinoin Efficacy in Patients With Moderate to Severe Facial Photodamage: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Topical formulations of tretinoin precursors (retinol and its ester derivatives) are widely available over the counter and may offer similar clinical benefits to those of tretinoin for treatment of photoaging. However, which of the many purported molecular effects of retinoids most strongly drives clinical improvements in tretinoin-treated skin remains unclear.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of topical tretinoin precursors (TTP) vs tretinoin (RA) in treating moderate to severe facial photodamage and to identify potential biomarkers that correlate with clinical efficacy.

High rates of secondary non-adherence causes decreased efficacy of 0.1% topical tacrolimus in adult eczema patients: results from a multicenter clinical trial.

Background: Patients tend to apply topical medications less frequently, in improper amounts. Not only frequency but also application amount may influence treatment outcome. However, studies on relationship between application amount and objective treatment outcome have rarely been conducted.

Treatment of facial acne papules and pustules in Korean patients using an intense pulsed light device equipped with a 530- to 750-nm filter.

Background: A rising number of laser- or light-based therapies are addressing the need for effective acne treatments with minimal downtime.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate an intense pulsed light (IPL) equipped with a 530- to 750-nm filter for inflammatory acne treatment.

Patients And Methods: Thirty female patients (mean age, 25.