Tobacco tax and price in the developed and developing countries in the World.

An ecologic study was conducted on 177 countries which the information of tobacco tax and price and also Human Development Index (HDI) was available in 2014. In this study, the relationship between HDI and four reported indexes by World Health Organization (WHO) was studied. These four indexes included: Tobacco affordability, Taxes as a percent of price of the most sold brand (total tax), Price of a 20 cigarette pack of the most sold brand international dollars at purchasing power parity (Price_ppp) and Price of a 20 cigarette pack of the most sold brand in US$ at official exchange rates (Price_US$).

Predictors of Physical Activity among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Isfahan, 2015: Structural Equation Modeling Approach.

Background: The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing globally in the recent decades. Physical activity (PA) helps preventing diabetes complications by keeping the blood sugar of T2DM patients within the normal range. The objective of this study was to explore underlying beliefs corresponding to PA in T2DM patients using health action process approach (HAPA).

Dataset on the prevalence of tobacco smoking in men and women of selected countries whit difference human development.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of human development index (HDI) on tobacco smoking prevalence in men and women of countries which their data about tobacco smoking were available for 2015. Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression were used to investigate the association between HDI and all types of smoking, particularly cigarette. Daily smoking and current smoking were used as tobacco smoking indices.

Psychological factors of healthful diet promotion among diabetics: an application of health action process approach.

Background And Aim: Worldwide, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence has increased. Non-healthful diet is one of the main reasons to T2DM growth. This study aims to determine the efficacy of the health action process approach (HAPA) in explaining healthful diet (HD) in T2DM patients.

Validation and psychometric evaluation of physical activity belief scale among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an application of health action process approach.

Background: Moderate increase in physical activity (PA) may be helpful in preventing or postponing the complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of a health action process approach (HAPA)-based PA inventory among T2DM patients.

Methods: In 2015, this cross-sectional study was carried out on 203 participants recruited by convenience sampling in Isfahan, Iran.

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Health Action Process Approach Inventory for Healthful Diet Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients.

Background: Long-term effects of diabetes could be prevented or delayed by adopting a proper diet. The aim of this study was to adapt and provide a pilot test using health action process approach (HAPA)-based inventory to capable of capturing significant determinants of healthful diet for diabetics.

Methods: The inventory was reviewed by eight diabetes patients and verbal feedbacks with regard the comprehension, item relevance, and potential new content were obtained.

Evaluation of Oral Ginger Efficacy against Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Randomized, Double - Blinded Clinical Trial.

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting is one of the most common side effects associated with surgical procedures.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ginger on intensity of nausea and vomiting after surgical procedures.

Patients And Methods: This study was a randomized, double blinded, clinical trial.