A microanatomical study of the precentral cerebral wall in human fetuses of the second trimester with ventriculomegaly and corpus callosal dysgenesis.

Background: The complex structure and function of the cerebrum make it a key focus in neuroscience research. It develops from telencephalic vesicles through processes such as cell growth, division, and migration from the neuroepithelium's ventricular matrix, forming the six-layered isocortex or neocortex. Multipotent neuroepithelial cells give rise to both neuronal and glial precursors, which populate the cerebral cortex.

Exploring the atlantic part of the vertebral artery in the South Indian population and its implications in spine surgery.

Study Design: A descriptive, quantitative cross-sectional study of the atlantic part (V3) of the vertebral artery (VA).

Purpose: This study aimed to bridge the research gap in the morphometry of the V3 segment of the VA in the South Indian population.

Overview Of Literature: The microsurgical anatomy of this segment of the VA has been explored in various populations, and a thorough understanding of the anatomy and course of the VA, particularly the V3 segment, is essential to prevent iatrogenic complications.

Falx cerebelli and its associated occipital venous sinus: an anatomical study.

Purpose: This study presents the morphological variation of falx cerebelli, which helps to identify the possible variations in the presence of the occipital sinus in the posterior margin of the fold whose damage during midline incision of posterior cranial fossa surgeries may lead to internal hemorrhage.

Method: The study was conducted on 48 cranial cavities exploring the falx cerebelli. Variations in the number of folds, its proximal and distal attachments, and the drainage pattern of the occipital sinus were evaluated by histological processing of the upper 1/3rd section of the falx fold.

Clinically Relevant Morphometry of Sacral Hiatus and Morphology of Sacrum.

Aim: To outline the variations in morphology and a few clinically relevant morphometric parameters of the sacral hiatus.

Material And Methods: The study included 50 dry human sacra, of unspecified sex, in the Department of Anatomy at a medical college in South India. The sex was determined using the sacral, auricular and curvature index.

Variation in the formation of the retromandibular and the external jugular veins with embryological overview: A case report.

Awareness of the formation and termination of the head & neck's superficial vein, such as jugular veins, are imperative for anatomists, surgeons, and radiologists during interventional procedures. We report an uncommon variation in the formation of the retromandibular vein and external jugular vein (EJV) in an embalmed male cadaver's right side. The joining of the facial vein and superficial temporal vein within the parotid gland formed the retromandibular vein (RMV).

Unexplored parameters of ulnar nerve in the palm and its clinical implications; A cadaveric study.

Objectives: Several studies have been conducted on the variations and branching pattern of the ulnar nerve in the hand. There are few studies conducted on defining the distance of ulnar nerve from bony landmarks in the palm. Ulnar nerve is closely related to the pisiform and hook of hamate which act as important landmarks.

Comparative morphometric evaluation of the brainstem in neurodegenerative diseases with healthy individuals using magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: Measurement of a component within the reference value is a widely used parameter in Biomedical Science. This study highlights the value of morphometric changes in healthy individuals' brainstem structure and their application in the detection and diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders.

Methods: This retrospective study included magnetic resonance (MR) images of 50 healthy individuals without neurological diseases, 35 clinically diagnosed individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 12 individuals with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP).

Locating the anterior interosseous nerve in relation to the surgically relevant landmarks of the forearm: A cadaveric study.

Background: This study emphasizes locating the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) related to its level of origin, number, and lengths of its muscular branches and relation to surgically important landmarks such as the bi-epicondylar line, pronator teres, and Gantzer muscles.

Methods: The study was undertaken at a private Medical school in south India during 2019-20. The level of origin of AIN was measured from the bi-epicondylar line and its length was measured up to the upper border of the pronator quadratus using 44 cadaveric upper limbs.

Morphology of the papillary muscles and the chordae tendineae of the ventricles of adult human hearts.

Introduction: The papillary muscles (PM) play a vital role in atrioventricular (AV) valve function. The PM and their chordae tendineae (CT) regulate the closure of the AV valve during systole. The present study was undertaken to categorize the PM based on their shapes and variant patterns and CT based on their types and the branching pattern.

A morphologic and histologic study of the radial nerve and its branches at potential compression sites.

Objectives: This study examined variations in the termination level of the radial nerve (RN) and the morphometry of the RN and its branches at potential compression sites. Additionally, we digitally analysed histological sections of the RN, the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN), and the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN).

Methods: We conducted this study on 14 formalin fixed adult cadavers.

Knowledge and Training of Primary School Teachers in First Aid - A Questionnaire Based Study.

Background: Students at schools may need first aid due to illness or accident. Therefore, teachers at school should know first aid measures and be able to put them into practice. The aim of this study is to assess awareness regarding first aid training among primary school teachers.

Development of the Gall Bladder, and Caudate and Quadrate Lobes of the Liver: A Fetal Morphometric Study.

Introduction: The gall bladder (GB) is a storage reservoir that allows bile acids to be delivered in a high concentration. The quadrate (QL) and caudate lobes (CL) are functional parts of the liver. The knowledge of the gross and developmental anatomy of GB and CL and QL of liver is important for surgeons who operate in this region.

Morphometric Study of Anterior Clinoid Process and Optic Strut and the Ossification of Carotico-Clinoid Ligament with their Clinical Importance.

Introduction: Knowledge about the ossification of the Carotico-Clinoid Foramen (CCF), as it forms a potential site for compression of the internal carotid artery may be beneficial for neurosurgeons and radiologists.

Aim: To obtain a detailed knowledge of morphometry of Anterior Clinoid Process (ACP) and Optic Strot (OS) and the type of ossification of CCF which would be necessary to increase the success of surgeries related to the cavernous sinus and internal carotid artery.

Materials And Methods: Parameters such as the length of ACP from its base to the tip, the width at its base and the distance between the tip of ACP to optic strut were measured in mm using digital calipers.

Multiple variations in the branches of the coeliac trunk.

Here we present a unique case of variation in the branching pattern of the coeliac trunk. In the present case, the coeliac trunk was replaced by two separate arterial trunks. The first arterial trunk bifurcated into the left gastric and the left hepatic arteries.

Anomalous Branching Pattern of the Popliteal Artery (PA): A Case Report.

The Popliteal Artery (PA), which is the continuation of the Femoral artery, crosses the popliteal fossa at the distal border of popliteus; it divides into the Anterior and Posterior Tibial arteries. The Posterior Tibial Artery (PTA) divides into terminal branches proximal to popliteus, in which case the Anterior Tibial Artery (ATA) sometimes descends anterior to the muscle. Either the Anterior tibial or the PTA may be reduced or increased in size.

An unusual right popliteal vein aneurysm in an adult cadaver: A case report.

The incidence of venous aneurysm is less than arterial aneurysms. Most are incidental findings with no major clinical significance. However, popliteal vein aneurysms (PVA) may be potentially life threatening, as they can be a source of pulmonary embolism and potentially even death.

Anatomical variations in the left coronary artery and its branches.

Introduction: Proficiency in the anatomy of coronary arteries and their variations is important for proper interpretation of coronary angiographies. The left coronary artery (LCA) commonly originates at the level of the left posterior aortic sinus and normally bifurcates into the anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery. This study aimed to determine the variations in the LCA and its branches.

Human cadaveric study of the morphology of the basilar artery.

Introduction: Nourishment for the brain, a highly vascular organ, is derived from a unique structure called the 'circle of Willis', which is formed by the terminal branches of the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and basilar arteries (BAs). The circle of Willis forms an anastomotic link between the carotid and vertebrobasilar systems in the arterial supply of the brain, while the BA forms an important component of the brain's posterior circulation and supplies its many vital parts.

Methods: A study was performed on 20 brain specimens used for routine dissections at the Anatomy Department, Kasturba Medical College, in order to examine the morphology of BAs in the brain.