Program Directors' Assessments of US Medical Graduates' Transition to Residency.

Importance: Medical school graduates across specialties should be prepared for the start of postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1). Assessments by program directors (PDs) may offer insight to differences in preparedness across medical specialties.

Objective: To investigate whether PD assessments of their PGY-1 residents' performance during the transition to residency differed by specialty category.

Prevalence of psychosocial interventions for pediatric dog bite injury: Is the bark actually worse than the bite?

Purpose: Long-term psychological effects may occur after childhood dog bite injuries. We performed a national survey to assess psychosocial interventions for children presenting with dog bite injuries to pediatric trauma centers.

Methods: A 26-question, online survey was administered to Pediatric Trauma Program Managers in the United States ( = 83).

Distinguishing subclinical from clinical keratoconus by corneal measurements.

Purpose: The study aimed to determine the stability of topographic and tomographic indices measured with Pentacam and to evaluate the biomechanical parameters measured with Corvis ST in the diagnosis of subclinical keratoconus (sKCN) and clinical keratoconus (KCN).

Methods: This is a single-center cohort study with a retrospective review of topographic and tomographic indices and biomechanical parameters on adult patients with subclinical keratoconus (sKCN), clinical keratoconus (KCN), and healthy subjects (control group). The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) was used to identify the cutoff values for evaluated indices able to distinguish between subjects with sKCN and those with KCN.

Effect of desflurane, sevoflurane or propofol on the incidence of postoperative delirium in older adults undergoing moderate- to high-risk major non-cardiac surgery: study protocol for a prospective, randomised, observer-blinded, clinical trial (RAPID-II trial).

Introduction: The effect of different anaesthetics on the incidence of postoperative delirium is still not entirely clear. Therefore, we will evaluate the effect of desflurane versus sevoflurane versus propofol for the maintenance of anaesthesia on the incidence of postoperative delirium in older adults undergoing moderate- to high-risk major non-cardiac surgery. We will further compare the incidences of delayed neurocognitive recovery, long-term postoperative neurocognitive disorder, postoperative nausea and vomiting between the groups.

Sex Differences in the Neuroendocrine Stress Response: A View from a CRH-Reporting Mouse Line.

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons within the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) play a crucial role in initiating the neuroendocrine response to stress and are also pivotal in coordination of autonomic, metabolic, and behavioral stress reactions. Although the role of parvocellular CRH neurons in activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is well established, the distribution and function of CRH-expressing neurons across the whole central nervous system are less understood. Stress responses activate complex neural networks, which differ depending on the type of stressor and on the sex of the individual.

Effects of task-shifting from primary care physicians to nurses: an overview of systematic reviews.

Background: Task-shifting from primary care physicians (PCPs) to nurses is a means of overcoming PCP shortages and meeting the needs of patients receiving primary care. The aim of this overview of systematic reviews is to assess the effects of delegation or substitution of PCPs' activities by nurses on patient relevant, clinical, professional and health services-related outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search for secondary literature in Medline, Embase, Pubmed, the Cochrane Library, and the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL).

Mental Health and Substance Use Among Black Women Attending STD Clinics in Baltimore: The Role of Overt and Subtle Discrimination.

Black women are disproportionately impacted by mental health conditions, like depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use harms. Experiences of discrimination may cause and exacerbate these conditions, but little is known about how distinct types of discrimination (overt vs. subtle) may be related to these outcomes.

HPV Vaccination Status in HIV-Negative MSM and Its Association with High-Risk HPV Detection Using HPV Serology and Anorectal Swabs.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) types by HPV vaccination status and the feasibility of using HPV L1 serology to identify HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) who may be at risk for anal cancer. This cross-sectional study recruited HIV-negative MSM from a US metropolitan area. The prevalence of HR, quadrivalent, and nonavalent anorectal HPV DNA and HPV L1 serum antibodies was estimated.

Desflurane Versus Sevoflurane and Postoperative Cardiac Biomarkers in Older Adults Undergoing Low- to Moderate-Risk Noncardiac Surgery-Secondary Analysis of a Prospective, Observer-Blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial.

: Previous preclinical studies have shown that desflurane might have the most significant cardioprotective effect of all volatile anesthetics. However, data regarding the cardioprotective effects of desflurane versus sevoflurane are lacking. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of the maintenance of anesthesia using desflurane versus sevoflurane on the postoperative maximum concentrations of cardiac biomarkers in older adults undergoing low- to moderate-risk noncardiac surgery.

Gender Minority Stress, Resilience, and Psychological Distress: The Role of Resilience Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth.

Purpose: Gender minority (GM) stress, resulting from distal (i.e., external) and proximal (i.

A Web-Based Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Intervention (Thrive With Me) in a Community-Recruited Sample of Sexual Minority Men Living With HIV: Results of a Randomized Controlled Study.

Background: Most new HIV infections are attributed to male-to-male sexual contact in the United States. However, only two-thirds of sexual minority men living with HIV achieve an undetectable viral load (UVL). We tested a web-based antiretroviral therapy adherence intervention called Thrive with Me (TWM) with core features that included medication self-monitoring and feedback, HIV and antiretroviral therapy information, and a peer-to-peer exchange.

Technology-Based Interventions, with a Stepped Care Approach, for Reducing Sexual Risk Behaviors and Increasing PrEP Initiation Among Transgender and Gender Expansive Youth and Young Adults.

TechStep was a technology-based trial, with a stepped care approach, to reduce sexual risks and increase PrEP uptake among transgender and gender expansive youth and young adults (15-24 years old). From October 2019 to September 2021, 254 participants were randomized into: 1) Text (n = 82), or 2) Webapp (n = 87), or 3) Control (n = 85). At the 3-month follow-up assessment, those randomized to Text and Webapp and did not demonstrate improvement on primary outcomes were re-randomized to receive virtual eCoaching (Text + or Webapp +), or to remain in their initial condition without eCoaching.

Dipeptide metabolite, glutamyl-glutamate mediates microbe-host interaction to boost spermatogenesis.

The decrease in sperm count and infertility is a global issue that remains unresolved. By screening environmental bacterial isolates, we have found that a novel lactic acid bacterium, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SNI3, increased testis size, testosterone levels, sperm count, sexual activity and fertility in mice that have consumed the bacteria for four weeks. The abundance of L.

What value do teaching hospitals provide commercial beneficiaries when in an ACO?

Objectives: The number of commercial beneficiaries cared for by accountable care organizations (ACOs) is growing, but the literature examining their trends is nascent.

Study Design: We examined commercial claims data from 2019 to 2021 to compare beneficiaries attributed to participants in Medicare Shared Savings Program ACOs with and without a major teaching hospital.

Methods: We calculated mortality and spending by setting for each ACO type by year.

Prospects of Food Taxes for Planetary Health: A Systematic Review of Modeling Studies.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the modeling methodologies of fiscal policies on food with health or environmental outcomes.

Background: Evidence suggests that fiscal policies on food can contribute to addressing the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases and climate change. These policies should be modeled in advance to see the implications for the environment and health.

Relationships between HDL subpopulation proteome and HDL function in overweight/obese people with and without coronary heart disease.

Background And Aims: The structure-function relationships of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subpopulations are not well understood. Our aim was to examine the interrelationships between HDL particle proteome and HDL functionality in subjects with and without coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods: We isolated 5 different HDL subpopulations based on charge, size, and apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) content from the plasma of 33 overweight/obese CHD patients and 33 age-and body mass index (BMI)-matched CHD-free subjects.

Exploring the Thermostability of CRISPR-Cas12b using Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)-based diagnostics are at the forefront of rapid detection platforms of infectious diseases. The integration of reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) with CRISPR-Cas protein systems has led to the creation of advanced one-pot assays. The sensitivity of these assays has been bolstered by the utilization of a thermophilic Cas12 protein, BrCas12b, and its engineered variant, which exhibits enhanced thermal stability and allows for broader operation temperatures of the assay.

Supporting treatment adherence for resilience and thriving (START): protocol for a mHealth randomized controlled trial.

Background: Although behavioral interventions show some promise for reducing stimulant use and achieving durable viral suppression in sexual minority men (SMM) with HIV, scalable mHealth applications are needed to optimize their reach and cost-effectiveness.

Methods: Supporting Treatment Adherence for Resilience and Thriving (START) is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) testing the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a mHealth application that integrates evidence-based positive affect regulation skills with self-monitoring of adherence and mood. The primary outcome is detectable HIV viral load (i.

Perspectives and Factors Related to Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States: A Mixed-Methods Study on the Role of History of PrEP Use.

This study quantitatively examined factors related to young men who have sex with men (YMSM)'s decisions to use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) by their history of PrEP use and qualitatively elicited their perspectives on PrEP options. Higher proportions of YMSM who had never used (vs. ever used) PrEP considered the following factors as important in their decisions to use PrEP: (a) Returning to PrEP follow-up visits ( p = .

Intraoperative Iris Behavior during Phacoemulsification Maneuvers in Rabbits Treated with Selective α1-Blocker, 5α-Reductase Inhibitor, or Anxiolytic Medication.

This prospective, experimental study aims to evaluate the association between administration of α-blocker, 5α-reductase inhibitor, or anxiolytic medications and intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) using a rabbit animal model. A total of 31 Metis rabbits were distributed into four groups as follows: 10 rabbits given tamsulosin, 10 rabbits given finasteride, 5 rabbits who received lorazepam, and 6 treatment-naive animals in the control group. Dosing was calculated according to body surface area ratio of man to rabbit, with a dosing duration of 43 days for all groups.

Challenges and Opportunities with at-Home Blood Collection for HIV-1 Viral Load Monitoring among Sexual Minoritized Men who use Stimulants.

Sexually minoritized men (SMM) with HIV who use stimulants experience difficulties achieving and maintaining an undetectable viral load (VL). Home-based VL monitoring could augment HIV care by supporting interim, early identification of detectable VL. We describe implementation challenges associated with a home-collection device for laboratory-based VL testing among SMM with HIV who use stimulants.

Utilization of Matrix Effect for Enhancing Resolution in Cation Exchange Chromatography.

In ion chromatography studies, the matrix effect of other inorganic ions present in the sample is a well-known phenomenon. In this work, the behavior of inorganic and organic ions was studied in a system overloaded with ammonium ions. The ammonium ions came from a solution of ammonium hydroxide in various concentrations (0.

Desflurane versus sevoflurane anesthesia and postoperative recovery in older adults undergoing minor- to moderate-risk noncardiac surgery - A prospective, randomized, observer-blinded, clinical trial.

Study Objective: The effect of volatile anesthetics on postoperative recovery in older adults is still not entirely clear. Thus, we evaluated the effect of desflurane versus sevoflurane anesthesia on speed of postoperative recovery in older adults eligible for same-day discharge. We further evaluated the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), bispectral index (BIS) values, and S100B concentrations.

Academic education in environmental chemistry in Europe-addressing future challenges in research and regulation.

Following the tradition of the 16th International Conference on Chemistry and the Environment (ICCE) in Oslo, Norway (2017), and the subsequent 17th ICCE in Thessaloniki, Greece (2019), a follow-up session on higher education in environmental science was organized at the 18th ICCE in Venice, Italy (June 2023). The aim of the session was to stimulate the exchange of experiences and knowledge on graduate and post-graduate level educational programmes, including their development, prioritization, and implementation. The session discussed the integration of practical training activities, which included the integration of environmental chemistry in various bachelor's and master's programmes.