Fractal cycles of sleep, a new aperiodic activity-based definition of sleep cycles.

Sleep cycles are defined as episodes of non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep followed by an episode of REM sleep. Fractal or aperiodic neural activity is a well-established marker of arousal and sleep stages measured using electroencephalography. We introduce a new concept of 'fractal cycles' of sleep, defined as a time interval during which time series of fractal activity descend to their local minimum and ascend to the next local maximum.

Performance of questionnaires to predict sleep-disordered breathing in acute stroke patients.

Sleep-disordered breathing is common in stroke and may negatively affect its outcome. Screening for sleep-disordered breathing in this setting is of interest but poorly studied. We aimed to evaluate the performance of eight obstructive sleep apnea screening questionnaires to predict sleep-disordered breathing in acute stroke or transient ischaemic attack patients, and to assess the impact of stroke/transient ischaemic attack-specific factors on sleep-disordered breathing prediction.

Nocturnal Cardiac Arrhythmias in Heart Failure With Obstructive and Central Sleep Apnea.

Background: Both obstructive and central sleep apnea (CSA) may contribute to nocturnal cardiac arrhythmias (NCAs). Data are scarce regarding the prevalence of clinically important nocturnal atrial and ventricular arrythmias in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and OSA or CSA.

Research Question: In a cohort of patients with HFrEF, how does the prevalence of NCA compare among those with OSA, CSA, and those with no to mild sleep apnea? Is the severity of OSA or CSA associated with atrial and ventricular NCAs?

Study Design And Methods: This cross-sectional analysis is an ancillary study of the Effect of Adaptive Servo Ventilation on Survival and Hospital Admissions in Heart Failure (ADVENT-HF) trial.

Genetic and environmental determinants of bone quality: a cross-sectional analysis of the Hungarian Twin Registry.

There is abundant evidence that bone mineral content is highly heritable, while the heritability of bone quality (i.e. trabecular bone score [TBS] and quantitative ultrasound index [QUI]) is rarely investigated.

African swine fever virus DNA is present in non-biting flies collected from outbreak farms in Romania.

Background: African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and severe haemorrhagic disease of Suidae, with mortalities that approach 100 percent. Several studies suggested the potential implication of non-biting dipterans in the spread of ASFV in pig farms due to the identification of the ASFV DNA. However, to our knowledge, no study has evaluated the viral DNA load in non-biting dipterans collected in outbreak farms and no risk factors have been analysed.

The Silence Is Deafening: Are Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists Quiet Quitting?

Quiet quitting is a term used to describe the idea of doing the minimum that is required to do your job but not outright quitting. With the extended fatigue from the COVID-19 pandemic and escalating workforce staffing shortages, quiet quitting could be a phenomenon occurring with certified registered nurse anesthetists. Wellness strategies to mitigate quiet quitting are discussed.

Imagining in Time: The Legacy of Olive Berger (1898-1981).

Olive Berger was a true nurse anesthesia pioneer for our profession. She dedicated her life to the advancement of nurse anesthesia through her leadership, advocacy, scholarly writing, clinical achievements and innovation. She blazed the trail by forming and establishing education requirements for nurse anesthesia programs, established a state nurse anesthesia organization, and led the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists as its 14th president in 1958.

Analysis of the serum levels of RIP3 and Drp1 in patients with heart failure.

Aims: As necroptosis involving receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated signalling is a crucial mechanism of cell loss in heart failure (HF), we aimed to determine the potential diagnostic use of these molecules.

Methods And Results: The serum samples of the healthy subjects (n = 8) and patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (n = 31), being subdivided according to the aetiology and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, were used to measure RIP3 and Drp1 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Although the serum levels of Drp1 in the patients with HF were comparable with those seen in healthy individuals, we found a trend of increase in the levels of RIP3 (P = 0.

Fundamentals of sleep regulation: Model and benchmark values for fractal and oscillatory neurodynamics.

Homeostatic, circadian and ultradian mechanisms play crucial roles in the regulation of sleep. Evidence suggests that ratios of low-to-high frequency power in the electroencephalogram (EEG) spectrum indicate the instantaneous level of sleep pressure, influenced by factors such as individual sleep-wake history, current sleep stage, age-related differences and brain topography characteristics. These effects are well captured and reflected in the spectral exponent, a composite measure of the constant low-to-high frequency ratio in the periodogram, which is scale-free and exhibits lower interindividual variability compared to slow wave activity, potentially serving as a suitable standardization and reference measure.

Propagating population activity patterns during spontaneous slow waves in the thalamus of rodents.

Slow waves (SWs) represent the most prominent electrophysiological events in the thalamocortical system under anesthesia and during deep sleep. Recent studies have revealed that SWs have complex spatiotemporal dynamics and propagate across neocortical regions. However, it is still unclear whether neuronal activity in the thalamus exhibits similar propagation properties during SWs.

DREDge: robust motion correction for high-density extracellular recordings across species.

High-density microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have opened new possibilities for systems neuroscience in human and non-human animals, but brain tissue motion relative to the array poses a challenge for downstream analyses, particularly in human recordings. We introduce DREDge (Decentralized Registration of Electrophysiology Data), a robust algorithm which is well suited for the registration of noisy, nonstationary extracellular electrophysiology recordings. In addition to estimating motion from spikes in the action potential (AP) frequency band, DREDge enables automated tracking of motion at high temporal resolution in the local field potential (LFP) frequency band.

The experiences of people who use injection drugs with accessing hepatitis c testing and diagnosis in western countries: A scoping review.

Background: The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize the literature that reported on the experiences of people who use injection drugs' access to hepatitis C testing and diagnosis in Western countries.

Methods: The initial search was conducted in 2020 and an updated review was completed in 2022. Seven electronic databases were searched using a peer-reviewed search strategy and included: full-text, peer-reviewed studies with people who inject(ed) drugs, hepatitis C testing or diagnosis, conducted in Western countries.

Daily rhythms, light exposure and social jetlag correlate with demographic characteristics and health in a nationally representative survey.

The timing of daily activity in humans have been associated with various demographic and health-related factors, but the possibly complex patterns of confounding and interaction between these has not been systematically explored. We use data from Hungarostudy 2021, a nationally representative survey of 7000 Hungarian adults to assess the relationship between self-reported chronotype, social jetlag (using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire), demographic variables and self-reported health and demographic variables, including ethnic minority membership. Supporting the validity of self-reports, participants with later chronotypes reported the lowest daytime sleepiness at a later clock time.

A long-period radio transient active for three decades.

Several long-period radio transients have recently been discovered, with strongly polarized coherent radio pulses appearing on timescales between tens to thousands of seconds. In some cases, the radio pulses have been interpreted as coming from rotating neutron stars with extremely strong magnetic fields, known as magnetars; the origin of other, occasionally periodic and less-well-sampled radio transients is still debated. Coherent periodic radio emission is usually explained by rotating dipolar magnetic fields and pair-production mechanisms, but such models do not easily predict radio emission from such slowly rotating neutron stars and maintain it for extended times.

Inhibition of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase enhances brown adipose tissue functionality in mice.

The current obesity epidemic and high prevalence of metabolic diseases necessitate efficacious and safe treatments. Brown adipose tissue in this context is a promising target with the potential to increase energy expenditure, however no pharmacological treatments activating brown adipose tissue are currently available. Here, we identify AXL receptor tyrosine kinase as a regulator of adipose function.

Novel, non-conventional pathways of necroptosis in the heart and other organs: Molecular mechanisms, regulation and inter-organelle interplay.

Necroptosis, a cell death modality that is defined as a necrosis-like cell death depending on the receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL), has been found to underlie the injury of various organs. Nevertheless, the molecular background of this cell loss seems to also involve, at least under certain circumstances, some novel axes, such as RIPK3-PGAM5-Drp1 (mitochondrial protein phosphatase 5-dynamin-related protein 1), RIPK3-CaMKII (Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) and RIPK3-JNK-BNIP3 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase-BCL2 Interacting Protein 3). In addition, endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress via the higher production of reactive oxygen species produced by the mitochondrial enzymes and the enzymes of the plasma membrane have been implicated in necroptosis, thereby depicting an inter-organelle interplay in the mechanisms of this cell death.

Adipogenic and SWAT cells separate from a common progenitor in human brown and white adipose depots.

Adipocyte function is a major determinant of metabolic disease, warranting investigations of regulating mechanisms. We show at single-cell resolution that progenitor cells from four human brown and white adipose depots separate into two main cell fates, an adipogenic and a structural branch, developing from a common progenitor. The adipogenic gene signature contains mitochondrial activity genes, and associates with genome-wide association study traits for fat distribution.

FAM3D: A gut secreted protein and its potential in the regulation of glucose metabolism.

The number of diabetic patients is rising globally and concomitantly so do the diabetes associated complications. The gut secretes a variety of proteins to control blood glucose levels and/or food intake. As the drug class of GLP-1 agonists is based on a gut secreted peptide and the positive metabolic effects of bariatric surgery are at least partially mediated by gut peptides, we were interested in other gut secreted proteins which have yet to be explored.

Analysis of Signaling Pathways of Necroptotic and Pyroptotic Cell Death in the Hearts of Rats With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus is known to produce various cell-damaging events and thereby underlie heart dysfunction and remodeling. However, very little is known about its inflammation-associated pathomechanisms due to necrosis-like cell death. For this purpose, we aimed to investigate signaling pathways of necroptosis and pyroptosis, known to produce plasma membrane rupture with the resultant promotion of inflammation.

Intermittent Hypoxic Preconditioning Plays a Cardioprotective Role in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy.

Intermittent hypoxic preconditioning (IHP) is a well-established cardioprotective intervention in models of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Nevertheless, the significance of IHP in different cardiac pathologies remains elusive. In order to investigate the role of IHP and its effects on calcium-dependent signalization in HF, we employed a model of cardiomyopathy induced by doxorubicin (Dox), a widely used drug from the class of cardiotoxic antineoplastics, which was i.

Open photoacoustic cell for concentration measurements in rapidly flowing gas.

High temporal resolution concentration measurements in rapid gas flows pose a serious challenge for most analytical instruments. The interaction of such flows with solid surfaces can generate excessive aero-acoustic noise making the application of the photoacoustic detection method seemingly impossible. Yet, the fully open photoacoustic cell (OC) has proven to be operable even when the measured gas flows through it at a velocity of several m/s.

Health and wellbeing implications of adaptation to flood risk.

Adaptation strategies to ameliorate the impacts of climate change are increasing in scale and scope around the world, with interventions becoming a part of daily life for many people. Though the implications of climate impacts for health and wellbeing are well documented, to date, adaptations are largely evaluated by financial cost and their effectiveness in reducing risk. Looking across different forms of adaptation to floods, we use existing literature to develop a typology of key domains of impact arising from interventions that are likely to shape health and wellbeing.