[The risk and vulnerability of health care workers to the COVID-19 pandemic].

Objective: To analyze the categories of risk and vulnerability based on the experience of health professionals who attended SARS-CoV-2.

Design: Exploratory research. It was developed in different phases during 2020-2021, using concurrent mixed methods and pursuing multiple objectives.

Health needs of older people: a challenge for primary health care.

The provision of inclusive health services for older adults requires a holistic approach to the health needs of the ageing population and their social environment, to deliver an effective response. To describe the health needs of older adults and their social environment, as a basis for integration of primary health care services. A non-systematic narrative review of the literature was conducted based on an electronic database covering the period 2019-2023 along with a combination of citation references.

Hospital accreditation in Mexico fails to improve the quality of healthcare: lessons from an impact evaluation.

Healthcare quality in low- and middle-income countries poses a significant challenge, contributing to heightened mortality rates from treatable conditions. The accreditation of health facilities was part of the former health reform in Mexico, proposed as a mechanism to enhance healthcare quality. This study assesses the performance of hospital accreditation in Mexico, utilizing indicators of effectiveness, efficiency, and safety.

Access to early diagnosis for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among children and adolescents in Mexico City at specialized mental health services.

Background: In Mexico, this pioneering research was undertaken to assess the accessibility of timely diagnosis of Dyads [Children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and their primary caregivers] at specialized mental health services. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase involved designing an "Access Pathway" aimed to identify barriers and facilitators for ADHD diagnosis; several barriers, with only the teacher being identified as a facilitator.

Local Health Service Response to COVID-19 in Mexico: Notes From an Exploratory Qualitative Study.

Background: The main goal of a health system is to maintain or improve people's health. The COVID-19 pandemic showed the fragility of health systems worldwide. In Mexico, the pandemic affected the performance of the health system, along with the presence of contextual conditions such as its segmentation and high prevalence of chronic diseases.

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Objetivo: Analizar, desde la perspectiva de las trabajadoras comunitarias de salud (TCS), los conocimientos y experiencias en la atención de la salud mental (SM) en comunidades rurales de Chiapas. Material y métodos. Se utilizó el enfoque fenomenológico descriptivo.

COVID-19 Disruption To Routine Health Care Services: How 8 Latin American And Caribbean Countries Responded.

Latin America and the Caribbean was one of the regions hardest hit globally by SARS-CoV-2. This qualitative exploratory study examined how the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the delivery of routine health services from the perspective of health care system decision makers and managers. Between May and December 2022, we conducted forty-two semistructured interviews with decision makers from ministries of health and health care managers with responsibilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in eight countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.

[Exploring facilitators and barriers to implementing expanded nursing roles in MexicoEstudo de facilitadores e barreiras para a implementação de funções ampliadas de enfermagem no México].

Objective: To explore the perceptions of nursing professionals regarding facilitators and barriers to the implementation of expanded nursing functions in a state in central Mexico.

Methods: Qualitative descriptive phenomenological study. During 2022, 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted with three types of informants: a) head nurses at state-level facilities; b) head nurses at local-level facilities; and c) heads of health units and operational nursing staff who have direct contact with patients.

Design and validation of indicators for the comprehensive measurement of quality of care for type 2 diabetes and acute respiratory infections in ambulatory health services.

Developing ambulatory health services (AHS) of optimal quality is a pending issue for many health systems at a global level, especially in middle- and low-income countries. An effective health response requires indicators to measure the quality of care that are context-specific and feasible for routine monitoring. This paper aimed to design and validate indicators for assessing the technical and interpersonal quality dimensions for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and acute respiratory infections (ARI) care in AHS.

Correction: Martínez-Valverde et al. Health Needs Assessment: Chronic Kidney Disease Secondary to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Population without Social Security, Mexico 2016-2032. 2022, , 9010.

In the original publication [...

Psychometric Properties of the Access of Older Adults to Outpatient Primary-Care Health Services Scale.

This study evaluates the psychometric properties of the Access of Older Adults to Outpatient Primary-Care Health Services Scale (AOAOPHSS), in research conducted among 707 Mexican older adults selected by convenience from 14 rural and one urban locations. The AOAOPHSS explores 10 dimensions of two integrated subscales: Accessibility and Personal Abilities. Data analysis was performed in five phases.

Health Needs Assessment: Chronic Kidney Disease Secondary to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Population without Social Security, Mexico 2016-2032.

Health needs assessment is a relevant tracer of planning process of healthcare programs. The objective is to assess the health needs of chronic kidney disease (CKD) secondary to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM) in a population without social security in Mexico. The study design was a statistical simulation model based on data at the national level of Mexico.

Local health systems resilience in managing the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from Mexico.

The concept of resilience was applied to the public health field to investigate the way health systems are impacted by health crises, what conditions allow them to mitigate the blow and how they reorganize once the crisis is over. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus represented a global challenge demanding immediate response to an unprecedented health crisis. Various voices drew attention to the intensity of the crisis in countries with greater inequalities, where the pandemic converged with other social emergencies.

How do diverse low-income and middle-income countries implement primary healthcare team integration to support the delivery of comprehensive primary health care? A mixed-methods study protocol from India, Mexico and Uganda.

Introduction: Attainment of universal health coverage is feasible via strengthened primary health systems that are comprehensive, accessible, people-centred, continuous and coordinated. Having an adequately trained, motivated and equipped primary healthcare workforce is central to the provision of comprehensive primary healthcare (CPHC). This study aims to understand PHC team integration, composition and organisation in the delivery of CPHC in India, Mexico and Uganda.

[Job conditions and precarious work among Mexican physicians: an analysis based on a national survey].

The study aimed to describe the socioeconomic characteristics and job conditions of medical personnel in Mexico. This was a cross-sectional study based on the Mexican National Occupational and Employment Survey (ENOE) for all four quarters of 2019 and the first quarter of 2020. We included all physicians who had concluded their university training.

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Objetivo. Analizar la prevalencia de sedentarismo laboral en diferentes contextos ocupacionales y estimar los factores asociados de acuerdo con el sector de actividad económica. Material y métodos.

Out-of-pocket and catastrophic expenses in households of patients with schizophrenia lacking social security.

Objective: To estimate the magnitude of out-of-pocket (OOP) and catastrophic health expenses as well as impoverishment experienced by households of schizophrenia patients lacking social security coverage.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 96 individuals treated in outpatient consultation between February and December 2018 in a psychiatric hospital.

Results: All households sustained OOP health expenses; the median was 510 USD (95%CI: 456-628).

[Quality of care in type 2 diabetes, progressand challenges from 2012 to 2018-19 forthe Mexican health system].

Objective: To estimate changes in the quality of process of care and its association with glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: Changes in compliance of 14 process of care indicators for 9 038 adults with type 2 diabetes and glycaemic control in a subsample were estimated. Averages, weighted changes and associations without or controlling for other factors were estimated us-ing statistical weights for the combined data (Ensanut 2012 and Ensanut 2018-19).

Mexico: Health System Review.

This analysis of the Mexican health system reviews recent developments in organization and governance, health financing, health care provision, health reforms and health system performance. The Mexican health system consists of three main components operating in parallel: 1) employment-based social insurance schemes, 2) public assistance services for the uninsured supported by a financial protection scheme, and 3) a private sector composed of service providers, insurers, and pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturers and distributors. The social insurance schemes are managed by highly centralized national institutions while coverage for the uninsured is operated by both state and federal authorities and providers.

Understanding adherence of hypertensive patients in Mexico to an exercise-referral scheme for increasing physical activity.

Among the strategies developed thus far for promoting physical activity (PA), exercise-referral schemes (ERs) have gained in popularity as an effective means of preventing secondary health conditions such as hypertension. However, information on the factors affecting adherence to these programs is limited. Using a mixed-methods approach, we undertook the present study to determine the factors associated with adherence to a specific ER aimed at increasing PA among the hypertensive patients in a Social Security institution in Mexico.

Diabetes care innovation in the Mexican Institute for Social Insurance: Scaling up the preventive chronic disease care model to address critical coverage constraints.

Background: With diabetes prevalence in Mexico at 11.3% of adults, the Mexican Institute of Social Insurance (IMSS) is piloting the Chronic Disease Preventive Model (CDPM). CDPM includes intensive patient education, care by multidisciplinary teams and risk management in primary care.

An Overview of Social Media Use in the Field of Public Health Nutrition: Benefits, Scope, Limitations, and a Latin American Experience.

Social media platforms are low-cost tools that can be used to address issues in public health nutrition, especially in countries where health-related institutions experience economic limitations. We aimed to emphasize the benefits of using social media to promote health that have been documented to date. To show social media's positive impact on population health literacy, we briefly describe an inexpensive systematic communication strategy implemented in our research center through 2 social media platforms, the lessons learned, and the strategy's short-term results.