Breastfeeding experiences of women with perinatal mental health problems: a systematic review and thematic synthesis.

Background: Despite its known benefits, breastfeeding rates among mothers with perinatal mental health conditions are staggeringly low. Systematic evidence on experiences of breastfeeding among women with perinatal mental health conditions is limited. This systematic review was designed to synthesise existing literature on breastfeeding experiences of women with a wide range of perinatal mental health conditions.

A Randomised Clinical Feasibility Trial of a Breast Immobilisation Device: The SuPPORT 4 All Bra.

Aims: Despite the breast being a mobile organ, there is currently no standard suitable immobilisation device to optimise radiotherapy for women with larger breasts treated after a wide local excision. The SuPPORT 4 All (S4A) bra was co-designed with patients and radiotherapy professionals. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of using the S4A bra in the existing breast cancer radiotherapy pathway.

Supportive use of digital technologies during transition to adult healthcare for young people with long-term conditions, focusing on Type 1 diabetes mellitus: A scoping review.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the second most common chronic or long-term condition (LTC) affecting young people (YP); when transitioning from paediatric to adult healthcare, young people with LTCs such as T1DM are expected to self-manage medication, diet and clinical appointments. This scoping review aimed to analyse research examining ways digital health technologies were used to support YP with LTCs during transition from paediatric to adult healthcare and to establish YP's needs, experiences and challenges when transitioning. We aimed to identify knowledge gaps and inform development of a novel chatbot with components such as avatars and linked videos to help YP with T1DM gain self-management confidence and competence during transition.

Mental health burden for NHS healthcare staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: First results of a longitudinal survey.

Background: The current investigation aimed to assess the mental health burden on healthcare workers during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A link to an online survey was sent to an estimate of 18,100 employees of Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (STH) who had access to email. The survey was completed between 2nd and June 12, 2020.

An exploratory randomized-controlled trial of the efficacy of the Src-kinase inhibitor saracatinib as a novel analgesic for cancer-induced bone pain.

Pain is a major symptom of bone metastases from advanced cancer and represents a clinical challenge to treat effectively. Basic neurobiology in preclinical animal models implicates enhanced sensory processing in the central nervous system, acting through -methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors, as an important mechanism underpinning persistent pain. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src is thought to act as a hub for regulating NMDA receptor activity and the orally available Src inhibitor saracatinib has shown promise as a potential analgesic in recent animal studies.

A Novel Mechanism To Prevent HS Toxicity in .

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is an endogenously produced signaling molecule that can be cytoprotective, especially in conditions of ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, HS is also toxic, and unregulated accumulation or exposure to environmental HS can be lethal. In , the hypoxia inducible factor () coordinates the initial transcriptional response to HS, and is essential to survive exposure to low concentrations of HS.

Evaluation of a toxoid fusion protein vaccine produced in plants to protect poultry against necrotic enteritis.

Background: Necrotic enteritis (NE) is caused by type A strains of the bacterium . Total global economic losses to the poultry industry due to NE is estimated to be over two billion dollars annually. Traditionally, NE has been effectively controlled by inclusion of antibiotics in the diet of poultry.

Intensified therapies improve survival and identification of novel prognostic factors for placental-site and epithelioid trophoblastic tumours.

Background: Placental-site trophoblastic (PSTT) and epithelioid trophoblastic tumours (ETT) are the rarest malignant forms of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). Our prior work demonstrated that an interval of ≥48 months from the antecedent pregnancy was associated with 100% death rate, independent of the stage. Here, we assess whether modified treatments for these patients have increased survival and identify new prognostic factors.

Salmonella-vectored vaccine delivering three Clostridium perfringens antigens protects poultry against necrotic enteritis.

Necrotic enteritis is an economically important poultry disease caused by the bacterium Clostridium perfringens. There are currently no necrotic enteritis vaccines commercially available for use in broiler birds, the most important target population. Salmonella-vectored vaccines represent a convenient and effective option for controlling this disease.

Genetic Risk Can Be Decreased: Quitting Smoking Decreases and Delays Lung Cancer for Smokers With High and Low CHRNA5 Risk Genotypes - A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Recent meta-analyses show that individuals with high risk variants in CHRNA5 on chromosome 15q25 are likely to develop lung cancer earlier than those with low-risk genotypes. The same high-risk genetic variants also predict nicotine dependence and delayed smoking cessation. It is unclear whether smoking cessation confers the same benefits in terms of lung cancer risk reduction for those who possess CHRNA5 risk variants versus those who do not.

Associated Links Among Smoking, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Pooled Analysis in the International Lung Cancer Consortium.

Background: The high relapse and mortality rate of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) fuels the need for epidemiologic study to aid in its prevention.

Methods: We included 24 studies from the ILCCO collaboration. Random-effects panel logistic regression and cubic spline regression were used to estimate the effects of smoking behaviors on SCLC risk and explore their non-linearity.

Exploration of Morbidity in a Serial Study of Long-Term Brain Tumor Survivors: A Focus on Pain.

Purpose: Children surviving brain tumors are frequently identified as having substantially decreased health-related quality of life (HRQL) in cross-sectional studies. This study explored the HRQL of a cohort of such survivors, who were recruited as adolescents and followed for a decade, in order to determine the trajectory of their morbidities.

Method: Children diagnosed between January 1, 1985, and December 31, 1998, more than 2 years from diagnosis (N = 40), were recruited in 2000/2001 (T1) aged 16.

Mitochondrial Sulfide Quinone Oxidoreductase Prevents Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response in Hydrogen Sulfide.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenously produced gaseous molecule with important roles in cellular signaling. In mammals, exogenous H2S improves survival of ischemia/reperfusion. We have previously shown that exposure to H2S increases the lifespan and thermotolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans, and improves protein homeostasis in low oxygen.

The relationship between smoking and quality of life in advanced lung cancer patients: a prospective longitudinal study.

Purpose: Smoking is a major cause of lung cancer, and continued smoking may compromise treatment efficacy and quality of life (health-related quality of life (HRQoL)) in patients with advanced lung cancer. Our aims were to determine (i) preference for treatments which promote quality over length of life depending on smoking status, (ii) the relationship between HRQoL and smoking status at diagnosis (T1), after controlling for demographic and clinical variables, and (iii) changes in HRQoL 6 months after diagnosis (T2) depending on smoking status.

Methods: Two hundred ninety-six patients with advanced lung cancer were given questionnaires to assess HRQoL (EORTC QLQ-C30), time-trade-off for life quality versus quantity (QQQ) and smoking history (current, former or never smoker) at diagnosis (T1) and 6 months later (T2).

Health-related Quality of Life in Long-term Survivors of Brain Tumors in Childhood and Adolescence: A Serial Study Spanning a Decade.

Survivors of brain tumors in childhood experience adverse sequelae that are greater in prevalence and severity than those encountered by survivors of all other forms of cancer in early life, reflected in a burden of morbidity by instruments measuring health-related quality of life (HRQL). However, there are few studies of the change in HRQL over time in such populations. Patients who were above 5 years of age, at least 2 years from completion of therapy, and able to communicate in English were eligible for study of HRQL by the Health Utilities Index HUI2 and HUI3 at study entry, and again 5 and 10 years later.

CHRNA5 risk variant predicts delayed smoking cessation and earlier lung cancer diagnosis--a meta-analysis.

Background: Recent meta-analyses show strong evidence of associations among genetic variants in CHRNA5 on chromosome 15q25, smoking quantity, and lung cancer. This meta-analysis tests whether the CHRNA5 variant rs16969968 predicts age of smoking cessation and age of lung cancer diagnosis.

Methods: Meta-analyses examined associations between rs16969968, age of quitting smoking, and age of lung cancer diagnosis in 24 studies of European ancestry (n = 29 072).

Quality of life, support and smoking in advanced lung cancer patients: a qualitative study.

Background: Lung cancer is the most common cancer and smoking is the principal cause. Due to poor survival rates, symptom palliation and promotion of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are primary outcomes for lung cancer patients. Given the established relationship between smoking and lung cancer, patients who have smoked may feel stigmatised or guilty after diagnosis, and more pessimistic about their illness and likely outcomes.

Visual Data Analysis as an Integral Part of Environmental Management.

The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Environmental Management (DOE/EM) currently supports an effort to understand and predict the fate of nuclear contaminants and their transport in natural and engineered systems.

Bleeding disorders, menorrhagia and iron deficiency: impacts on health-related quality of life.

von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a bleeding disorder that occurs in up to 1% of the general population. The great majority of females with VWD experience menorrhagia. The morbidity burden in females with VWD may relate to iron deficiency resulting from menorrhagia.

Prevention of anastrozole induced bone loss with monthly oral ibandronate: Final 5 year results from the ARIBON trial.

Purpose: The ARIBON trial is a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled study designed to evaluate the impact of ibandronate on bone mineral density (BMD) in women taking anastrozole for adjuvant treatment of breast cancer.

Methods: 131 postmenopausal women with early breast cancer were recruited to the study. Of these, 13 had osteoporosis, 50 osteopenia and 68 normal BMD.

Creating defined gaseous environments to study the effects of hypoxia on C. elegans.

Oxygen is essential for all metazoans to survive, with one known exception. Decreased O(2) availability (hypoxia) can arise during states of disease, normal development or changes in environmental conditions. Understanding the cellular signaling pathways that are involved in the response to hypoxia could provide new insight into treatment strategies for diverse human pathologies, from stroke to cancer.

Primary thyroid lymphoma: the 40 year experience of a UK lymphoma treatment centre.

We report the 40-year unselected experience of a UK lymphoma treatment centre. Between 1970 and 2010, 3363 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma were managed by the Sheffield Lymphoma Team. Seventy cases of primary thyroid lymphoma were identified during this time.

Translation and cultural adaptation of health utilities index with application to pediatric oncology patients during neutropenia and recovery in Turkey.

Background: This is a report on the translation and cultural adaptation from English to Turkish languages of a standard HEALTH UTILITIES INDEX® (HUI®) questionnaire for interviewer-administration and proxy assessment of patients' health status, and its use for assessing 50 consecutive pediatric oncology patients during periods of and subsequent recovery from neutropenia.

Procedure: Preparation of the Turkish-language questionnaire was a collaborative effort by physician-researchers in Turkey, senior Health Utilities, Inc. staff with extensive experience in the development and translation of HUI questionnaires, and Turkish-born residents of Canada.

The Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index: Does it work in routine practice?

The Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (MIPI) combines four factors to differentiate low-, intermediate- and high-risk prognostic groups in advanced mantle cell lymphoma using data from patients treated in clinical trials. To evaluate its use in routine practice, we applied the simplified index retrospectively to 50 consecutive new patients attending our lymphoma service. In the log-rank and multiple comparison statistical tests there was favorable differentiation between survival curves, and particularly between the high- and low-risk groups.