Modeling the electroluminescence of atomic wires from quantum dynamics simulations.

Static and time-dependent quantum-mechanical approaches have been employed in the literature to characterize the physics of light-emitting molecules and nanostructures. However, the electromagnetic emission induced by an input current has remained beyond the realm of molecular simulations. This is the challenge addressed here with the help of an equation of motion for the density matrix coupled to a photon bath based on a Redfield formulation.

Coordinate-Free and Low-Order Scaling Machine Learning Model for Atomic Partial Charge Prediction for Any Size of Molecules.

The atomic partial charge is of great importance in many fields, such as chemistry and drug-target recognition. However, conventional quantum-based computing of atomic charges is relatively slow, limiting further applications of atomic charge analysis. With the help of machine learning methods, various kinds of models appear to speed up atomic charge calculations.

Revealing Interface Polarization Effects on the Electrical Double Layer with Efficient Open Boundary Simulations under Potential Control.

A major challenge in modeling interfacial processes in electrochemical (EC) devices is performing simulations at constant potential. This requires an open-boundary description of the electrons, so that they can enter and leave the computational cell. To enable realistic modeling of EC processes under potential control we have interfaced density functional theory with the hairy probe method in the weak coupling limit (Zauchner et al.

A computational model for a molecular chemical sensor.

In this study, we propose that a molecular junction with a sharp Negative Differential Resistance (NDR) current peak could improve the selectivity, thereby functioning as a potential molecular sensor for molecule recognition. Using DFT-NEGF simulations, we investigate the connection between molecule-molecule coupling, molecule-electrode coupling and the corresponding NDR peak shape. Based on this analysis we propose three design rules to control the sensitivity of a sensor and determine that one mechanism for NDR is for a localised molecular orbital involved in resonant tunneling to enter and leave the bias window.

The Einstein-de Haas effect in an Fecluster.

Classical models of spin-lattice coupling are at present unable to accurately reproduce results for numerous properties of ferromagnetic materials, such as heat transport coefficients or the sudden collapse of the magnetic moment in hcp-Fe under pressure. This inability has been attributed to the absence of a proper treatment of effects that are inherently quantum mechanical in nature, notably spin-orbit coupling (SOC). This paper introduces a time-dependent, non-collinear tight binding model, complete with SOC and vector Stoner exchange terms, that is capable of simulating the Einstein-de Haas (EdH) effect in a ferromagnetic Fecluster.

Fluorescence in quantum dynamics: Accurate spectra require post-mean-field approaches.

Real time modeling of fluorescence with vibronic resolution entails the representation of the light-matter interaction coupled to a quantum-mechanical description of the phonons and is therefore a challenging problem. In this work, taking advantage of the difference in timescales characterizing internal conversion and radiative relaxation-which allows us to decouple these two phenomena by sequentially modeling one after the other-we simulate the electron dynamics of fluorescence through a master equation derived from the Redfield formalism. Moreover, we explore the use of a recent semiclassical dissipative equation of motion [C.

Role of electron localisation in H adsorption and hydride formation in the Mg basal plane under aqueous corrosion: a first-principles study.

Understanding hydrogen-metal interactions is important in various fields of surface science, including the aqueous corrosion of metals. The interaction between atomic H and a Mg surface is a key process for the formation of sub-surface Mg hydride, which may play an important role in Mg aqueous corrosion. In the present work, we performed first-principles Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to study the mechanisms for hydrogen adsorption and crystalline Mg hydride formation under aqueous conditions.

Molecular dynamics study of structure and reactions at the hydroxylated Mg(0001)/bulk water interface.

A molecular level understanding of the aqueous Mg corrosion mechanism will be essential in developing improved alloys for battery electrodes, automobile parts, and biomedical implants. The structure and reactivity of the hydroxylated surface is expected to be key to the overall mechanism because (i) it is predicted to be the metastable surface state (rather than the bare surface) under a range of conditions and (ii) it provides a reasonable model for the outer corrosion film/water interface. We investigate the structure, interactions, and reactivity at the hydroxylated Mg(0001)/water interface using a combination of static Density Functional Theory calculations and second-generation Car-Parrinello ab initio molecular dynamics.

Structure and interactions at the Mg(0001)/water interface: An ab initio study.

A molecular level understanding of metal/bulk water interface structure is key for a wide range of processes, including aqueous corrosion, which is our focus, but their buried nature makes experimental investigation difficult and we must mainly rely on simulations. We investigate the Mg(0001)/water interface using second generation Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics (MD) to gain structural information, combined with static density functional theory calculations to probe the atomic interactions and electronic structure (e.g.

QM/MM optimization with quantum coupling: Host-guest interactions in a pentacene-doped p-terphenyl crystal.

In this work, we present a novel force-based scheme to perform hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) computations. The proposed scheme becomes especially relevant for the simulation of host-guest molecular systems, where the description of the explicit electronic interactions between a guest molecule and a classically described host is of key importance. To illustrate its advantages, we utilize the presented scheme in the geometry optimization of a technologically important host-guest molecular system: a pentacene-doped p-terphenyl crystal, a core component of a room-temperature MASER device.

Dissipative Equation of Motion for Electromagnetic Radiation in Quantum Dynamics.

The dynamical description of the radiative decay of an electronically excited state in realistic many-particle systems is an unresolved challenge. In the present investigation electromagnetic radiation of the charge density is approximated as the power dissipated by a classical dipole, to cast the emission in closed form as a unitary single-electron theory. This results in a formalism of unprecedented efficiency, critical for ab initio modeling, which exhibits at the same time remarkable properties: it quantitatively predicts decay rates, natural broadening, and absorption intensities.

A simple approximation to the electron-phonon interaction in population dynamics.

The modeling of coupled electron-ion dynamics including a quantum description of the nuclear degrees of freedom has remained a costly and technically difficult practice. The kinetic model for electron-phonon interaction provides an efficient approach to this problem, for systems evolving with low amplitude fluctuations, in a quasi-stationary state. In this work, we propose an extension of the kinetic model to include the effect of coherences, which are absent in the original approach.

The microscopic Einstein-de Haas effect.

The Einstein-de Haas (EdH) effect, where the spin angular momentum of electrons is transferred to the mechanical angular momentum of atoms, was established experimentally in 1915. While a semiclassical explanation of the effect exists, modern electronic structure methods have not yet been applied to model the phenomenon. In this paper, we investigate its microscopic origins by means of a noncollinear tight-binding model of an O dimer, which includes the effects of spin-orbit coupling, coupling to an external magnetic field, and vector Stoner exchange.

Rectification and negative differential resistance via orbital level pinning.

A donor-acceptor system, 4-thiophenyl-azafulleroid (4TPA-C), is investigated at the point of HOMO/LUMO resonance and beyond to understand how negative differential resistance (NDR) features may be observed in such systems. Our previous investigation showed that charge transfer between the occupied and unoccupied states at resonance hindered crossing of the HOMO and LUMO levels, thus preventing the formation of an NDR feature. In this work, it is shown that the negative differential resistance feature of 4TPA-C can be tailored based on the couplings at the metal/molecule interface.

Implicit and explicit host effects on excitons in pentacene derivatives.

An ab initio study of the effects of implicit and explicit hosts on the excited state properties of pentacene and its nitrogen-based derivatives has been performed using ground state density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent DFT, and ΔSCF. We observe a significant solvatochromic redshift in the excitation energy of the lowest singlet state (S) of pentacene from inclusion in a p-terphenyl host compared to vacuum; for an explicit host consisting of six nearest neighbour p-terphenyls, we obtain a redshift of 65 meV while a conductor-like polarisable continuum model (CPCM) yields a 78 meV redshift. Comparison is made between the excitonic properties of pentacene and four of its nitrogen-based analogs, 1,8-, 2,9-, 5,12-, and 6,13-diazapentacene with the latter found to be the most distinct due to local distortions in the ground state electronic structure.

Efficient local-orbitals based method for ultrafast dynamics.

Computer simulations are invaluable for the study of ultrafast phenomena, as they allow us to directly access the electron dynamics. We present an efficient method for simulating the evolution of electrons in molecules under the influence of time-dependent electric fields, based on the Gaussian tight binding model. This model improves upon standard self-charge-consistent tight binding by the inclusion of polarizable orbitals and a self-consistent description of charge multipoles.

HOMO-LUMO coupling: the fourth rule for highly effective molecular rectifiers.

Three rules for creating highly effective unimolecular rectifiers that utilize asymmetric anchoring groups have been proposed by Van Dyck and Ratner [Ratner et al., Nano Lett., 2015, 15, 1577-1584].

Gaussian polarizable-ion tight binding.

To interpret ultrafast dynamics experiments on large molecules, computer simulation is required due to the complex response to the laser field. We present a method capable of efficiently computing the static electronic response of large systems to external electric fields. This is achieved by extending the density-functional tight binding method to include larger basis sets and by multipole expansion of the charge density into electrostatically interacting Gaussian distributions.

Patient-reported preferences for oral versus intravenous administration for the treatment of cancer: a review of the literature.

Objective: The emergence of various modes of administration for cancer treatment, including oral administration, brings into focus the importance of patient preference for administration. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the administration preferences of cancer patients, specifically between oral and intravenous (IV) treatment, as well as the factors contributing to preference.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in OvidSP to identify research in which the preferences of cancer patients for oral or IV treatment have been evaluated.

Electron Elevator: Excitations across the Band Gap via a Dynamical Gap State.

We use time-dependent density functional theory to study self-irradiated Si. We calculate the electronic stopping power of Si in Si by evaluating the energy transferred to the electrons per unit path length by an ion of kinetic energy from 1 eV to 100 keV moving through the host. Electronic stopping is found to be significant below the threshold velocity normally identified with transitions across the band gap.

Correlation of Local Structure and Diffusion Pathways in the Modulated Anisotropic Oxide Ion Conductor CeNbO(4.25).

CeNbO4.25 is reported to exhibit fast oxygen ion diffusion at moderate temperatures, making this the prototype of a new class of ion conductor with applications in a range of energy generation and storage devices. To date, the mechanism by which this ion transport is achieved has remained obscure, in part due to the long-range commensurately modulated structural motif.

Electron spin changes during general anesthesia in Drosophila.

We show that the general anesthetics xenon, sulfur hexafluoride, nitrous oxide, and chloroform cause rapid increases of different magnitude and time course in the electron spin content of Drosophila. With the exception of CHCl3, these changes are reversible. Anesthetic-resistant mutant strains of Drosophila exhibit a different pattern of spin responses to anesthetic.

Nonlocal propagation and tunnelling of surface plasmons in metallic hourglass waveguides.

The nanofocusing performance of hourglass plasmonic waveguides is studied analytically and numerically. Nonlocal effects in the linearly tapered metal-air-metal stack that makes up the device are taken into account within a hydrodynamical approach. Using this hourglass waveguide as a model structure, we show that spatial dispersion drastically modifies the propagation of surface plasmons in metal voids, such as those generated between touching particles.

Electron-energy loss study of nonlocal effects in connected plasmonic nanoprisms.

We investigate the emergence of nonlocal effects in plasmonic nanostructures through electron-energy loss spectroscopy. To theoretically describe the spatial dispersion in the metal permittivity, we develop a full three-dimensional nonlocal hydrodynamic solution of Maxwell's equations in frequency domain that implements the electron beam as a line current source. We use our numerical approach to perform an exhaustive analysis of the impact of nonlocality in the plasmonic response of single triangular prisms and connected bowtie dimers.

Gabapentin is ineffective as an analgesic adjunct in the immediate postburn period.

Successful treatment of burn pain requires a multimodality approach. Although opioid agents are the mainstay, other nonopioid agents, such as anticonvulsants, are frequently employed for pain control, with unknown benefits. The authors sought to determine the efficacy of gabapentin in acute burn pain management.