Zinc toxicosis - Associated hemolytic anemia and pancreatic disease in 2 dogs.

Two cases of canine zinc toxicosis with pancreatic disease are reported. Both dogs had pigmenturia, pallor, regenerative anemia, an inflammatory leukogram, hyperbilirubinemia, hyperamylasemia, and hyperlipasemia. Zinc toxicosis was diagnosed post-mortem in patient 1 based on the discovery of a metallic gastric foreign object, pancreatic necrosis, nephrosis, and high tissue zinc concentrations.

Clinical pathology of amphibians: a review.

Amphibian declines and extinctions have worsened in the last 2 decades. Partly because one of the main causes of the declines is infectious disease, veterinary professionals have increasingly become involved in amphibian research, captive husbandry, and management. Health evaluation of amphibians, free-living or captive, can benefit from employing the tools of clinical pathology, something that is commonly used in veterinary medicine of other vertebrates.

Preliminary evaluation of a gel tube agglutination major cross-match method in dogs.

Background: A major cross-match gel tube test is available for use in dogs yet has not been clinically evaluated.

Objectives: This study compared cross-match results obtained using the gel tube and the standard tube methods for canine samples.

Methods: Study 1 included 107 canine sample donor-recipient pairings cross-match tested with the RapidVet-H method gel tube test and compared results with the standard tube method.

Comparison of wet-mount, Wright-Giemsa and Gram-stained urine sediment for predicting bacteriuria in dogs and cats.

This study assessed the standard urinalysis technique and sediment stain techniques as predictors of bacterial culture results for canine and feline urine. Canine (n = 111) and feline (n = 79) urine samples were evaluated using unstained wet-mount and air-dried Gram and Wright-Giemsa stained sediment; results were compared to aerobic bacterial culture. Eleven canine and 7 feline urine samples were culture positive.

Protein-losing nephropathy associated with Borrelia burgdorferi seropositivity in a soft-coated wheaten terrier: response to therapy.

A soft-coated wheaten terrier was examined for lameness with subsequent identification of protein-losing nephropathy, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, and seroconversion to Borrelia burgdorferi. Following doxycycline therapy, the urine protein loss decreased significantly and serum albumin concentration remained close to or within the reference interval for over 3 years, contrary to the reported poor prognosis for renal disease associated with B. burgdorferi or protein-losing nephropathy of soft-coated wheaten terriers.

Comparison of white and red blood cell estimates in urine sediment with hemocytometer and automated counts in dogs and cats.

Background: Therapeutic decisions regarding urinalysis are commonly based on the presence of white and red blood cells. Traditionally, numbers per high-power field are estimated using wet-mount microscopic examination. This technique is not standardized and counts are likely prone to inaccuracy.

Comparison of the effects of xylazine bolus versus medetomidine constant rate infusion on the stress response, urine production, and anesthetic recovery characteristics in horses anesthetized with isoflurane.

Objective: To compare the effect of xylazine bolus versus medetomidine constant rate infusion (MCRI) on serum cortisol and glucose concentrations, urine production, and anesthetic recovery characteristics in dorsally recumbent, spontaneously breathing, isoflurane-anesthetized horses.

Design: Prospective, randomized crossover study.

Animals: 10 healthy Standardbreds.

Comparison of the effects of xylazine bolus versus medetomidine constant rate infusion on cardiopulmonary function and depth of anesthesia in horses anesthetized with isoflurane.

Objective: To compare the effects of xylazine bolus versus medetomidine constant rate infusion (MCRI) on cardiopulmonary function and depth of anesthesia in dorsally recumbent, spontaneously breathing, isoflurane-anesthetized horses.

Design: Prospective, randomized crossover study.

Animals: 10 healthy adult Standardbreds.

Babesia (Theileria) annae in a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) from Prince Edward Island, Canada.

A 4-6-mo-old female red fox (Vulpes vulpes) was presented to the Atlantic Veterinary College (AVC) Teaching Hospital, Prince Edward Island, Canada. On presentation, the fox was weak and had pale mucous membranes. A complete blood count and a serum biochemistry profile were performed.

Babesia microti-like infections are prevalent in North American foxes.

Babesia microti-like organisms have recently been identified as a cause of hemolytic anemia and azotemia in European dogs. A genetically and morphologically similar B. microti-like parasite has been identified in two foxes from North America.

Effects of in vitro hemodilution of canine blood on platelet function analysis using the PFA-100.

Background: The platelet function analyzer (PFA)-100 is a point-of-care instrument previously evaluated in humans and dogs. In both species, artificially prolonged platelet closure time (CT) occurs with anemia. Reliability of the analyzer in dogs becomes a concern when the HCT is between 0.

Evaluation of platelet function in dogs with cardiac disease using the PFA-100 platelet function analyzer.

Background: Cardiac disease has the potential to alter platelet function in dogs. Evaluation of platelet function using the PFA-100 analyzer in dogs of multiple breeds and with a broad range of cardiac conditions would help clarify the effect of cardiac disease on platelets.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess differences in closure time (CT) in dogs with cardiac disease associated with murmurs, when compared with that of healthy dogs.

Evaluation of ionized and total serum magnesium concentrations in hyperthyroid cats.

Hyperthyroidism can increase the renal excretion of magnesium and thus cause hypomagnesemia in various species. Anaerobically collected blood samples from 15 hyperthyroid and 40 normal, healthy cats were analyzed with an ion-selective electrode analyzer and a serum biochemical analyzer. There was no significant difference in ionized or total serum magnesium concentration between the 2 groups, but there was a significant difference (P = 0.

Validation of the Nova CRT8 for the measurement of ionized magnesium in feline serum.

Background: Evaluation of serum magnesium (Mg) concentration is becoming important in human and veterinary critical care medicine. An ion-selective electrode can measure the physiologically active ionized fraction.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to validate an ion-specific electrode analyzer and assay for measuring ionized Mg in feline serum and to determine a reference interval for this analyte in cats.

Response of American lobsters Homarus americanus to infection with a field isolate of Aerococcus viridans var. homari (Gaffkemia): survival and haematology.

American lobsters Homarus americanus were inoculated with a field isolate of the Gram-positive bacterium Aerococcus viridans var. homari, causative agent of gaffkemia, at 1 x 10(6), 1 x 10(4) or 1 x 10(2) colony forming units (CFU) kg(-1) or with sterile 3% NaCl and maintained at 10 or 15 degrees C until they died or were euthanised. Progression of disease in individual animals was monitored daily by total haemocyte count (THC) and haemolymph culture.

Treatment of inflammatory airway disease in young standardbreds with interferon alpha.

The effect of oral treatment with natural or recombinant human interferon alpha (HIA) on inflammatory airway disease in young standardbreds was assessed in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. A total of 34 horses with nasal discharge, excess mucus in the trachea, and a persistent cough of at least 2 weeks' duration that interfered with training completed the trial. Horses were rested for 1 week and received oral treatment with either a saline placebo, recombinant human interferon alpha (rHIA; 90 U/horse/day), or natural human interferon alpha (nHIA: 50 U/horse/day) for 5 days.

Classification of Homarus americanus hemocytes and the use of differential hemocyte counts in lobsters infected with Aerococcus viridans var. homari (Gaffkemia).

Hemocytes of the American lobster (Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards) were classified after examination of Wright-Giemsa stained cytocentrifuge preparations by brightfield light microscopy. Eleven hemocyte types were identified using morphologic criteria.

Effects of preoperative administration of ketoprofen on anesthetic requirements and signs of postoperative pain in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy.

Objective: To determine the effects of preoperative administration of ketoprofen on anesthetic requirements and signs of postoperative pain in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy.

Design: Randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Animals: 22 clinically normal client-owned dogs.

Effects of preoperative administration of ketoprofen on whole blood platelet aggregation, buccal mucosal bleeding time, and hematologic indices in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy.

Objective: To determine effects of preoperative administration of ketoprofen on whole blood platelet aggregation, buccal mucosal bleeding time, and hematologic indices in dogs after elective ovariohysterectomy.

Design: Randomized, masked clinical trial.

Animals: 22 healthy dogs.

Evaluation of an automated, homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for serum thyroxine measurement in dog and cat serum.

A homogenous enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for measurement of serum thyroxine (T4) concentration was evaluated for use with canine and feline serum. The EIA method was linear from 0 to 150 nmol T4/L for human serum, 0 to 94 nmol T4/L for feline serum and 10 to 60 nmol T4/L for canine serum. Intra- and interassay precision studies yielded coefficients of variation View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Cytologic and biochemical changes associated with inoculation of amniotic fluid and meconium into lungs of neonatal rats.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of homologous amniotic fluid and meconium inoculated intratracheally into the lungs of neonatal rats.

Animals: 153 male 7-day-old Fischer-344 rats.

Procedure: Amniotic fluid was obtained by cesarean section from the uterus of pregnant rats and meconium was collected at the time of birth from the gastrointestinal tract of neonatal rats.