Psychosocial predictors of short-term glucose among people with diabetes: A narrative review.

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are metabolic disorders that require one to manage one's blood glucose levels on a daily basis through a series of behaviorally complex tasks. Research shows that psychosocial factors, including mood, stress, and social relationships, have a significant influence on one's ability to maintain these disease management routines and achieve healthy blood glucose levels. However, researchers have typically approached these questions from a between-person perspective.

Why do thoracic epidurals fail? A literature review on thoracic epidural failure and catheter confirmation.

Thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) has been the gold standard of perioperative analgesia in various abdominal and thoracic surgeries. However, misplaced or displaced catheters, along with other factors such as technical challenges, equipment failure, and anatomic variation, lead to a high incidence of unsatisfactory analgesia. This article aims to assess the different sources of TEA failure and strategies to validate the location of thoracic epidural catheters.

Peer interactions and health among youth with diabetes: An ecological momentary assessment.

Objective: We examined the links of supportive and conflictual peer interactions to mood and self-care via ecological momentary assessment.

Method: Adolescents with Type 1 diabetes ( = 167, 49% female) recruited between 2018 and 2021 were prompted 8 times a day for 8 days to complete brief surveys that measured perceived social interactions, affect, and self-care.

Results: Cross-sectional analyses revealed between- and within-person (WP) links of peer support to positive mood and conflict to negative mood.

Support and Conflict Among Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: A Focus on Friends.

Objective: The goal of the study was to examine the relations of general and diabetes-specific friend support and conflict to psychological and diabetes health among youth with type 1 diabetes. We examined gender as a moderator of these relations, and friend responsiveness and information-sharing as potential mediators.

Methods: Youth with type 1 diabetes (n = 167; M age 15.

Coping strategies and psychosocial resources among women living with metastatic breast cancer: A qualitative study.

Despite more women living with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), this population is underrepresented in cancer survivorship research. Few studies have assessed how women with MBC cope with their cancer experience. This qualitative study describes the coping strategies and psychosocial resources utilized by women living with MBC.

Characterizing unique supportive care needs among women living with metastatic breast cancer: A qualitative study.

Background: Women with metastatic breast cancer face unique challenges as they cope with life-limiting prognoses and arduous treatments. However, the vast majority of research has focused on optimizing quality of life in women with early-stage, non-metastatic breast cancer and little is known about supportive care needs among women living with metastatic cancer. As part of a larger project that sought to inform the development of a psychosocial intervention, the aim of this study was to characterize supportive care needs among women with metastatic breast cancer and elucidate challenges unique to living with a life-limiting prognosis.

Links of positive affect and stress to HbA1c: a prospective longitudinal study.

While affect is linked to a number of diabetes outcomes, the specific role of positive affect (PA) in HbA1c remains unclear. The present study examined whether PA prospectively predicted lower HbA1c among adults with type 2 diabetes and whether this relation was moderated by stress. Participants were 123 adults (44.

Partner Involvement in Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management: A Mixed-Methods Investigation.

Researchers have recognized the role of social environment in diabetes management, with substantial attention directed toward spouses or romantic partners of people with diabetes. However, the specific ways in which partners are involved have not been articulated. This study, which included 207 couples in which one person was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, used a mixed-methods approach to assess types of partner involvement in diabetes management.

Study design and protocol for tailored Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) to optimize quality of life in women living with metastatic breast cancer.

Women living with metastatic (stage IV) breast cancer face unique challenges, including arduous treatments, side effects, chronic symptom burden, and emotional distress. Nevertheless, most research has paradoxically focused on optimizing quality of life in women with early-stage, non-metastatic breast cancer. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an evidence-based, third-wave cognitive behavioral therapy that focuses on creating 'a life worth living' by promoting meaning and purpose and optimizing quality of life.

Monitoring Behaviour in African Elephants during Introduction into a New Group: Differences between Related and Unrelated Animals.

The introduction of elephants into new groups is necessary for breeding programmes. However, behavioural studies on the reactions of these animals at first encounters are missing. In the present study, female African elephants living in zoos were observed during unifications with unfamiliar elephants (introduction of two to one females and one to two females; = 6) and reunifications with related elephants (two mother-daughter-pairs; = 4) that were separated for 2 and 12 years, respectively.

Comparing Effectiveness of Three Different Anti-VEGF Treatment Regimens for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Two Years' Real-World Clinical Outcomes.

Purpose: To compare and report the 2-year treatment outcomes from 3 different anti-VEGF treatment regimens in treating neovascular aged-related macular degeneration (nAMD): Ranibizumab pro re nata (Ranibizumab-PRN); Ranibizumab treat and extend (Ranibizumab-T&E); Aflibercept fixed first year dosing (7 injections) with treat and extend in subsequent year (Aflibercept-Fixed).

Methods: All treatment-naïve nAMD patients who completed 24 months of monitoring from a single treatment center were included. Patients received the initial loading dose of three injections (4-weekly interval), followed by one of the 3 treatment regimens.

Combination Therapy for Macular Oedema in Retinal Vein Occlusions: 3-Year Results from a Real-World Clinical Practice.

Purpose: To report long-term efficacy and treatment outcomes of the combination therapy for treating macular oedema (MO) in retinal vein occlusions (RVOs) from a real-world UK practice.

Methods: The initial reported 66 RVO patients with MO treated with combination therapy (initial Ranibizumab, later optional addition of Ozurdex and laser) were followed up to Year 3: visual acuity (VA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were analysed against baseline and previous Year 1 results. Safety and adverse events were also recorded.

Real-World Visual And Clinical Outcomes For Patients With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treated With Intravitreal Ranibizumab: An 8-Year Observational Cohort (AMD8).

Purpose: To report the long-term clinical outcomes for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) who received anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy as part of a standardised treatment protocol in a real-world setting.

Patients And Methods: This is a retrospective audit of all treatment-naïve patients with nAMD who commenced a pro re nata (PRN) treatment regimen of intravitreal Ranibizumab from January to December 2009 and completed 8 years of follow-up in one single-treatment centre. Electronic medical notes were reviewed to evaluate the outcome measures.

Novel non-sense mutation in RP2 (c.843_844insT/p.Arg282fs) is associated with a severe phenotype of retinitis pigmentosa without evidence of primary retinal pigment epithelium involvement.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) relates to a heterogeneous group of rod-cone dystrophies of varying genetic aetiology. There is currently great interest in gene replacement therapy. Phenotyping is of particular importance because some RP genes are expressed ubiquitously and it is critically important to understand which retinal layer is primarily affected.

Holographic optical tweezers-based in vivo manipulations in zebrafish embryos.

Understanding embryonic development requires the characterization of the forces and the mechanical features that shape cells and tissues within the organism. In addition, experimental application of forces on cells and altering cell and organelle shape allows determining the role such forces play in morphogenesis. Here, we present a holographic optical tweezers-based new microscopic platform for in vivo applications in the context of a developing vertebrate embryo that unlike currently used setups allows simultaneous trapping of multiple objects and rapid comparisons of viscoelastic properties in different locations.

Energy balance and physical demands during an 8-week arduous military training course.

This study assessed soldier's physical demands and energy balance during the Section Commanders' Battles Course (SCBC). Forty male soldiers were monitored during the 8-week tactics phase of the SCBC. Energy expenditure was measured using the doubly labeled water method.

Exercise boosts hippocampal volume by preventing early age-related gray matter loss.

Recently, a larger hippocampus was found in exercising mice and men. Here we studied the morphological underpinnings in wheel running mice by longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel-based morphometry revealed that running increases hippocampal volume by inhibiting an early age-related gray matter loss.

Insulated skin temperature as a measure of core body temperature for individuals wearing CBRN protective clothing.

This study assessed the validity of insulated skin temperature (Tis) to predict rectal temperature (Tre) for use as a non-invasive measurement of thermal strain to reduce the risk of heat illness for emergency service personnel. Volunteers from the Police, Fire and Rescue, and Ambulance Services performed role-related tasks in hot (30 °C) and neutral (18 °C) conditions, wearing service specific personal protective equipment. Insulated skin temperature and micro climate temperature (Tmc) predicted Tre with an adjusted r(2) = 0.

The effect of anatomical placement and trunk adiposity on the reliability and validity of triaxial accelerometer output during treadmill exercise.

Background: Accelerometers are commonly used to quantify physical activity. There is no accordance regarding the most suitable attachment site. This study assessed the reliability and validity of accelerometer output (PAC) from 2 placements.

Development of an accelerometer-based multivariate model to predict free-living energy expenditure in a large military cohort.

This study developed a multivariate model to predict free-living energy expenditure (EE) in independent military cohorts. Two hundred and eighty-eight individuals (20.6 ± 3.

Extended Kramers-Moyal analysis applied to optical trapping.

The Kramers-Moyal analysis is a well-established approach to analyze stochastic time series from complex systems. If the sampling interval of a measured time series is too low, systematic errors occur in the analysis results. These errors are labeled as finite time effects in the literature.

Health, fitness, and responses to military training of officer cadets in a Gulf Cooperation Council country.

Objective: To quantify the health, fitness, and physiological responses to military training of Officer Cadets from a Gulf Cooperation Council country.

Methods: One hundred and nineteen Officer Cadets volunteered; body composition, core body temperature, aerobic fitness, hydration status (urine osmolality), cardiovascular strain, physical activity (3-dimensional accelerometry), and energy expenditure (doubly labelled water) were measured over 5-days of Basic Training (BT), Army Training (AT), Navy Training (NT), and Air Force Training (AFT).

Results: There were no differences between courses for body mass index (mean all courses: 24.

Menstrual cycle and oral contraceptives' effects on growth hormone response to sprinting.

The present study examined the impact of the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive (OC) use on the growth hormone response to non-motorized treadmill sprinting. Nine monophasic OC users (21.5 ± 4.

Injuries and injury risk factors among British army infantry soldiers during predeployment training.

Purpose: This prospective cohort study examined injuries and injury risk factors in 660 British Army infantry soldiers during a predeployment training cycle.

Methods: Soldiers completed a questionnaire concerning physical characteristics, occupational factors, lifestyle characteristics (including physical training time) and previous injury. Direct measurements included height, body mass, sit-ups, push-ups and run time.

Reliability and validity of the 3DNX accelerometer during mechanical and human treadmill exercise testing.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the 3DNX triaxial accelerometer in a laboratory and mechanical setting.

Methods: Experiment 1: A total of 10 units were fixed to a Multi-axis shaker table. A schedule comprising a range of accelerations was repeated on two occasions along each of the three measurement axes.