Partner (in)congruence in gender role attitudes and relationship satisfaction.

The societal shift toward greater gender equality has led to increased variability in people's gender role attitudes, or the belief that men and women should occupy distinct family roles (i.e. men as breadwinners and women as homemakers).

'COVID impacted my life in so many ways': a qualitative study of the lived experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic among people of Black ethnicities living with HIV in England.

Objectives: COVID-19 disproportionately affected people of Black ethnicities whilst also negatively affecting the health, wellbeing and livelihoods of people living with HIV. This may have been amplified by pre-existing socioeconomic marginalisation, poorer health, and structural racism. Despite being disproportionately affected by the pandemic, little is known about lived experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic within these communities.

Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) in Nepalese Cancer Patients Experiencing Pain.

Background: Adherence to pain medication is crucial for cancer patients, since non-adherence can lead to increased suffering, reduced quality of life and increased healthcare costs. Although the five-item Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) is a validated tool for assessing medication adherence, but it has not been translated and validated into the Nepalese language. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt and validate the MARS-5 in Nepalese language for Nepalese cancer patients who were experiencing pain.

A person-centred primary care pharmacist-led osteoporosis review for optimising medicines (PHORM): a protocol for the development and co-design of a model consultation intervention.

Introduction: Adherence to medicines in osteoporosis is poor, with estimated 1 year persistence rates between 16% and 60%. Poor adherence is complex, relating to combinations of fear of side effects, beliefs about medication being unnecessary, doubts about effectiveness and the burden of medication management. This is compounded by an absence of monitoring, as many patients are effectively discharged from ongoing care following the initial prescription.

Racial disparities in prostate cancer in the UK and the USA: similarities, differences and steps forwards.

In the USA, Black men are approximately twice as likely to be diagnosed with and to die of prostate cancer than white men. In the UK, despite Black men having vastly different ancestral contexts and health-care systems from Black men in the USA, the lifetime risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer is two-to-three times higher among Black British men than among white British men and Black British men are twice as likely to die of prostate cancer as white British men. Examination of racial disparities in prostate cancer in the USA and UK highlights systemic, socio-economic and sociocultural factors that might contribute to these differences.

A rapid in vivo pipeline to identify small molecule inhibitors of amyloid aggregation.

Amyloids are associated with over 50 human diseases and have inspired significant effort to identify small molecule remedies. Here, we present an in vivo platform that efficiently yields small molecule inhibitors of amyloid formation. We previously identified small molecules that kill the nematode C.

Outer membrane protein assembly mediated by BAM-SurA complexes.

The outer membrane is a formidable barrier that protects Gram-negative bacteria against environmental threats. Its integrity requires the correct folding and insertion of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) by the membrane-embedded β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM). Unfolded OMPs are delivered to BAM by the periplasmic chaperone SurA, but how SurA and BAM work together to ensure successful OMP delivery and folding remains unclear.

Autonomic cardiovascular control is unaffected in children referred for assessment of excessive daytime sleepiness.

There is conflicting evidence for impaired autonomic control of heart rate (HR) in adults with narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnolence (IH). Despite these chronic hypersomnia conditions primarily being diagnosed around the age of puberty, there are limited studies in children. The present study investigated cardiovascular control using heart rate variability (HRV) and the extent of nocturnal HR dipping during sleep in children and adolescents with narcolepsy and IH.

A person-centred consultation intervention to improve shared decision-making about, and uptake of, osteoporosis medicines (iFraP): a pragmatic, parallel-group, individual randomised controlled trial protocol.

Background: Good quality shared decision-making (SDM) conversations involve people with, or at risk of osteoporosis and clinicians collaborating to decide, where appropriate, which evidence-based medicines best fit the person's life, beliefs, and values. We developed the mproving uptake of cture revention drug treatments (iFraP) intervention comprising a computerised Decision Support Tool (DST), clinician training package and information resources, for use in UK Fracture Liaison Service consultations.Two primary objectives to determine (1) the effect of the iFraP intervention on patient-reported ease in decision-making about osteoporosis medicines, and (2) cost-effectiveness of iFraP intervention compared to usual NHS care.

Physiology during sleep in preterm infants: Implications for increased risk for the sudden infant death syndrome.

Approximately 15 million babies are born preterm (<37 weeks of completed gestation) worldwide annually. Although neonatal and perinatal medicine have contributed to the increased survival rate of preterm newborn infants, premature infants are at increased risk of mortality in the first years of life. Infants born preterm are at four times the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) compared to infants born at term.

Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the medication practical barriers to adherence questionnaire in patients with chronic diseases.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Medication Practical Barriers to Adherence Questionnaire (MPRAQ-TR).

Methods: This is a validation study conducted between August 2022 and March 2023 in the ambulatory services of a secondary care private hospital located in Istanbul, Türkiye, among patients (18 years of age and older) with chronic diseases. After the Turkish translation and cultural adaptation of the MPRAQ, and a pilot think-aloud study, the following psychometric properties were assessed: internal consistency by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, 2-week test-retest reliability, convergent validity by calculating Spearman's rank correlation between the MPRAQ-TR and the Turkish version of Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS), and predictive validity by evaluating the association between the MPRAQ-TR score and nonadherence to medications.

Power supply characterization of baseload and flexible enhanced geothermal systems.

We investigated the techno-economic feasibility and power supply potential of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) across the contiguous United States using a new subsurface temperature model and detailed simulations of EGS project life cycle. Under business-as-usual scenarios and across depths of 1-7 kilometers, we estimated 82,945 GW and 0.65 GW of EGS supply capacity with lower levelized cost of electricity than conventional hydrothermal and solar photovoltaic projects, respectively.

Diversity and representation within the literature on sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review.

Introduction: Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a common and distressing symptom for people living with multiple sclerosis (MS). Populations included in existing studies of SD may not fully reflect the diversity of people living with MS, with important implications for wider applicability. We aimed to evaluate reporting of sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, and ethnicity across studies of SD in MS.

Development and validation of the BMQ-AIR: a screening tool for assessing patients' treatment beliefs about switching to anti-inflammatory reliever (AIR) therapy.

Introduction: Despite anti-inflammatory reliever (AIR) therapy now being the preferred treatment choice across all severities of asthma, many patients are still "attached" to their short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) reliever, believing this to be the best way to control their asthma. To encourage individuals to switch to AIR, it is important to first identify the beliefs that patients hold about AIR.

Objective: The aim of this paper was to describe the initial development and validation of the BMQ-AIR, a six-item screening tool which assesses and identifies patients' treatment beliefs about switching to AIR therapy.

Sleep Disturbance in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and the Relationship to the Neurodevelopmental Profile.

Objective: Sleep disturbance is an important feature of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). We sought to describe sleep patterns in school-aged children with FASD, in comparison with a typically developing community group, and investigate the relationship between sleep and neurodevelopmental profiles.

Method: The FASD cohort (N = 36) was recruited from a tertiary Australian FASD diagnostic center, and the typically developing group (N = 36) was previously recruited as a control cohort for a separate study.

Understanding patient demand for and use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infection: A qualitative application of the Necessity-Concerns Framework in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Reducing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a priority for public health. Inappropriate patient demand is an important driver of unnecessary antibiotic use. To develop an effective intervention to reduce inappropriate demand for antibiotics in upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), it is important to identify patient perceptions that influence demand for, and appropriate use of antibiotics.

Engaging a community to focus on upper limb function in people with multiple sclerosis: the ThinkHand campaign case study.

Background: Solving complex research challenges requires innovative thinking and alternative approaches to traditional methods. One such example is the problem of arm and hand, or upper limb function in multiple sclerosis (MS), a neurological condition affecting approximately 2.9 million people worldwide and more than 150,000 in the United Kingdom.

Short apneas and periodic breathing in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit-Effects of sleep position, sleep state, and age.

This observational study investigated the effects of sleep position and sleep state on short apneas and periodic breathing in hospitalized preterm infants longitudinally, in relation to postmenstrual age. Preterm infants (25-31 weeks gestation, n = 29) were studied fortnightly after birth until discharge, in prone and supine positions, and in quiet sleep and active sleep. The percentage of time spent in each sleep state (percentage of time in quiet sleep and percentage of time in active sleep), percentage of total sleep time spent in short apneas and periodic breathing, respectively, the percentage of falls from baseline in heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation and cerebral tissue oxygenation index during short apneas and periodic breathing, and the associated percentage of total sleep time with systemic (arterial oxygen saturation < 90%) and cerebral hypoxia (cerebral tissue oxygenation index < 55%) were analysed using a linear mixed model.

Longitudinal effects of early exposure to intermittent hypoxia on autonomic cardiovascular control in very preterm infants.

Introduction: Cardiorespiratory control is immature in infants born preterm compared to those born at term. Animal studies have shown that repetitive hypoxia associated with periodic breathing can alter autonomic control. We aimed to elucidate if the amount of time spent with apnoea and periodic breathing in the neonatal unit was associated with longitudinal changes in autonomic control assessed using heart rate variability.