Publications by authors named "Horita N"
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with high mortality rates and often results in prolonged hospital stays. The potential of machine learning to enhance prediction accuracy in this context is significant, yet clinicians often lack the programming skills required for effective data mining. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a low-code approach for assisting clinicians with data mining for mortality and length of stay (LOS) prediction in patients with CAP.
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- A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor mutations.
- The analysis included 15 studies with 594 patients, revealing common mutations such as G719X and L861Q, and determining key metrics like a 51.30% objective response rate (ORR) and a median progression-free survival of 9.71 months.
- Osimertinib was found to be generally safe, with only 21.77% of patients experiencing serious adverse events, showing promise for treating NSCLC with these uncommon mutations.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an emerging treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which provides excellent local control (LC) and prolongs overall survival (OS). However, in current guidelines, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been proposed as a key treatment option for patients with early- and intermediate-stage HCC, whereas SBRT is not. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and retrospective studies using the propensity score (PS) to compare the outcomes of SBRT and TACE for HCC in a balanced manner.
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- * The analysis included data from 81 articles and indicated that the overall incidence of treatment-related pancreatitis was low (0.68% for any-grade, 0.32% for grade 3-5), but the addition of ICIs significantly increased these rates.
- * Treatment outcomes showed that glucocorticoids were commonly used, while a high percentage of patients (76.5%) had to discontinue ICI therapy due to these adverse events, indicating important clinical implications for managing ICI-related pancreatitis.
Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) combined with chemotherapy has improved survival outcomes in locally-advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its impact on surgery has not been fully elucidated. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare surgical outcomes between neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and chemotherapy alone in resectable NSCLC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Long-term macrolide therapy for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) can play a significant role. However, such data are insufficient regarding the efficacy against severe exacerbation and adverse effects, including the emergence of macrolide-resistant pathogens and prolonged macrolide use beyond 1 year.
Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective observational studies comparing the efficacy and safety of macrolides and placebo in adult patients with NCFB were screened on April 10, 2024.
Background: Cancer cachexia affects more than half of all cancer patients, reducing survival rates. Evidence-based approaches are urgently needed to optimize treatment.
Methods: A systematic review and network meta-analysis were conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of different pharmacotherapies for cancer cachexia.
Background: The usefulness of monitoring treatment effect of tafamidis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) extracellular volume fraction (ECV) has been reported.
Objective: we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the usefulness of this method.
Methods: Data from 246 ATTR-CMs from six studies were extracted and included in the analysis.
Article Synopsis
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved cancer treatment outcomes but identifying effective biomarkers for patient selection is essential due to current markers like PD-L1 showing limited predictive accuracy.
- * This study analyzes blood-based factors, like neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and red cell distribution width (RDW), to predict benefits from ICI therapy using data from a Clinical Data Warehouse (CDW) and electronic medical records (EMR).
- * Results showed a significant correlation between high RDW and the likelihood of receiving fewer doses of the ICI pembrolizumab, highlighting its potential as a prognostic marker for predicting treatment efficacy.
Article Synopsis
- - Biologics, like benralizumab, are key treatments for severe asthma, but there's limited data on their effects in elderly patients (70+ years old).
- - A study analyzed 51 patients (22 elderly, 29 non-elderly) treated with benralizumab, showing significant reductions in asthma exacerbations for both groups during treatment.
- - The medication was well-tolerated in elderly patients, with a similar rate of discontinuation due to side effects compared to non-elderly patients.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the link between HLA genotypes and the severity of COVID-19 in 209 Japanese patients, identifying how specific alleles correlate with severe respiratory cases over different epidemic periods (pre-Omicron and Omicron).
- - Significant associations were found, particularly with alleles HLA-DQA1*01:03 and HLA-DQB1*06:01, showing higher frequencies in severe COVID-19 cases compared to non-severe cases, primarily during the pre-Omicron period.
- - There was a strong correlation between the two significant alleles (r = 0.91), indicating they are often inherited together, and their presence in the severe group highlights potential genetic factors influencing COVID-19
The prognostic implications of late gadolinium-enhanced (LGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the context of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) have attracted considerable attention. Nevertheless, a subset of studies has undistinguished confirmed and suspected CS cases, thereby engendering interpretative ambiguities. In this meta-analysis, we evaluated the differences in cardiac MRI findings and their prognostic utility between confirmed and suspected CS.
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- Benralizumab, an antibody for eosinophilic asthma, helps reduce flare-ups and reliance on corticosteroids, but its prescribing varies significantly across Japan’s 47 prefectures.
- A study using national insurance claim data found that higher average income correlates with increased benralizumab prescriptions, while correlations with physician density were weaker.
- The findings highlight that income is the most significant factor affecting access to advanced asthma treatments in Japan, suggesting that addressing financial barriers is crucial for improving patient care and outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- * Treatment options for Riehl's melanosis are limited, as skin depigmenting agents have not yielded satisfactory results, and no established therapies exist.
- * This study highlights the effective use of a 755-nm picosecond Alexandrite laser in treating henna-induced atypical Riehl's melanosis, and discusses the role of immune cells in the condition's inflammation and pigmentation.
Background: Refractory or unexplained chronic cough disrupts quality of life and burdens health care systems around the world. The P2X3 receptor antagonist gefapixant is approved in many countries for its antitussive effects, but taste disturbances are a common adverse effect. Four newer, more selective P2X3 receptor antagonists have been developed to address this problem.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To unravel the mechanisms underlying cell death in the vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic (VEXAS) syndrome using peripheral blood samples and to assess the clinical value of this knowledge.
Methods: Nine patients undergoing treatment for VEXAS syndrome at Yokohama City University Hospital were included in this study. Monocytes and neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood and then monocytes were differentiated into polarized macrophages.
Background: Perioperative use of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) improves survival in patients with early-stage cancer. Treatment-related adverse events (AEs), frequently involve the endocrine system which may increase perioperative complications and affect quality of life.
Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis to elucidate the impact of adding ICB to conventional neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy on the incidence of endocrine AEs.
Value of dynamic computed tomography myocardial perfusion in CAD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging
November 2024
Aims: Dynamic stress computed tomography (CT) perfusion is a non-invasive method for quantifying myocardial ischaemia by assessing myocardial blood flow (MBF). In this meta-analysis, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic CT perfusion for the detection of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) across various CT scanners, obese patients, and its prognostic value.
Methods And Results: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library for published studies evaluating the accuracy of CT myocardial perfusion in diagnosing functional significant ischaemia by invasive fractional flow reserve.
Article Synopsis
- This study examined the effectiveness of two treatment combinations for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy (CP) and nivolumab plus ipilimumab and chemotherapy (CNI).
- It was conducted with 182 patients and aimed to assess overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), response rates, and safety profiles of each regimen.
- The results indicated that CP offered better PFS (11.7 months) compared to CNI (6.6 months), while there were no major differences in OS, suggesting that CP may be a preferable first-line therapy in real-world settings.
Improved diagnostic accuracy with three lung tumor markers compared to six-marker panel.
Transl Lung Cancer Res
March 2024
Article Synopsis
- Research aimed to create a panel of fewer tumor markers for lung cancer diagnosis, balancing sensitivity with the risk of false positives.
- The study involved 1,733 patients and used logistic regression to identify three key markers (CEA, CYFRA, NSE) linked to lung cancer diagnosis.
- The three-marker panel demonstrated better diagnostic accuracy and reduced false positives compared to a panel that included all six tumor markers.
Several studies have evaluated immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for metastatic uveal melanoma; however, the efficacy of ICIs in the previous studies varied greatly. In this systematic review, we searched for prospective or retrospective studies on single or dual-ICIs for metastatic uveal melanoma treatment. A random-effect model meta-analysis with generic inverse-variance was conducted, and 36 articles representing 41 cohorts of 1414 patients with metastatic uveal melanoma were included.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: To evaluate the clinical utility of feature tracking (FT)-derived myocardial strain in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM).
Materials And Methods: Electronic database searches of PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane advanced search, and EMBASE were performed. Studies on NIDCM were divided into categories according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; <30%, 30-40%, >40%), and correlations between strains and prevalence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were evaluated by weighted correlation coefficients.