Improved detection of small pulmonary embolism on unenhanced computed tomography using an artificial intelligence-based algorithm - a single centre retrospective study.

To preliminarily verify the feasibility of a deep-learning (DL) artificial intelligence (AI) model to localize pulmonary embolism (PE) on unenhanced chest-CT by comparison with pulmonary artery (PA) CT angiography (CTA). In a monocentric study, we retrospectively reviewed 99 oncological patients (median age in years: 64 (range: 28-92 years); percentage of female: 39.4%) who received unenhanced and contrast-enhanced chest CT examinations in one session between January 2020 and October 2022 and who were diagnosed incidentally with PE.

Electrophysiological responses to digit stimulation in a tactile oddball paradigm.

Sensory memory traces are assessed via oddball paradigms in which deviant (infrequent) stimuli are interspersed into a string of standard (frequent) stimuli. Once a memory trace for the standard is established, the deviant spurs a change detection response measured via the resulting event related potential (ERP). Response magnitude is sensitive to the differences in stimuli properties or categories and influenced by individual experience.

The molecular interaction pattern of lenvatinib enables inhibition of wild-type or kinase-mutated FGFR2-driven cholangiocarcinoma.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-2 can be inhibited by FGFR-selective or non-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Selective TKIs are approved for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) with FGFR2 fusions; however, their application is limited by a characteristic pattern of adverse events or evocation of kinase domain mutations. A comprehensive characterization of a patient cohort treated with the non-selective TKI lenvatinib reveals promising efficacy in FGFR2-driven CCA.

Reduced versus standard dose contrast volume for contrast-enhanced abdominal CT in overweight and obese patients using photon counting detector technology vs. second-generation dual-source energy integrating detector CT.

Purpose: To compare image quality of contrast-enhanced abdominal-CT using 1st-generation Dual Source Photon-Counting Detector CT (DS-PCD-CT) versus 2nd-generation Dual-Source Energy Integrating-Detector CT (DS-EID-CT) in patients with BMI ≥ 25, applying two different contrast agent volumes, vendor proposed protocols and different virtual monoenergetic images (VMI).

Method: 68 overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kgm) patients (median age: 65 years; median BMI 33.3 kgm) who underwent clinically indicated, portal-venous contrast-enhanced abdominal-CT on a commercially available 1st-generation DS-PCD-CT were prospectively included if they already have had a pre-exam on 2nd-generation DS-EID-CT using a standardized exam protocol.

Imaging of Pathologies of the Temporal Bone and Middle Ear: Inflammatory Diseases, Their Mimics and Potential Complications-Pictorial Review.

Imaging of the temporal bone and middle ear is challenging for radiologists due to the abundance of distinct anatomical structures and the plethora of possible pathologies. The basis for a precise diagnosis is knowledge of the underlying anatomy as well as the clinical presentation and the individual patient's otological status. In this article, we aimed to summarize the most common inflammatory lesions of the temporal bone and middle ear, describe their specific imaging characteristics, and highlight their differential diagnoses.

Myasthenia gravis as initial presentation of a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: A case report.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease, which is characterized by a postsynaptic neuromuscular transmission defect, with antibodies directly targeting the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) or other structural proteins of the neuromuscular junction. The majority of MG cases are associated with thymic pathologies, including thymoma, thyroiditis, autoimmune diseases or malignant hematologic neoplasia. The present study reported a rare case of AChR-positive and late-onset ocular MG, which rapidly progressed to a generalized myasthenic syndrome as an initial presentation of a pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia (pNEN).

A novel fully automated method for measuring ASPECTS to improve stroke diagnosis: Comparison to traditional ASPECTS.

Background And Purpose: To compare the accuracy of subjective Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (sASPECTS) evaluation and that of an automated prototype software (aASPECTS) on nonenhanced CT (NECT) in patients with early anterior territory stroke and controls using side-to-side quantification of hypoattenuated brain areas.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the NECT scans of 42 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke before reperfusion and 42 controls using first sASPECTS and subsequently aASPECTS. We assessed the differences in Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and calculated the sensitivity and specificity of NECT with CT perfusion, whereas cerebral blood volume (CBV) served as the reference standard for brain infarction.

Photon-counting computed tomography - clinical application in oncological, cardiovascular, and pediatric radiology.

Background: Photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) is a promising new technology with the potential to fundamentally change workflows in the daily routine and provide new quantitative imaging information to improve clinical decision-making and patient management.

Method: The contents of this review are based on an unrestricted literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar using the search terms "photon-counting CT", "photon-counting detector", "spectral CT", "computed tomography" as well as on the authors' own experience.

Results: The fundamental difference with respect to the currently established energy-integrating CT detectors is that PCD-CT allows for the counting of every single photon at the detector level.

Automated Intracranial Clot Detection: A Promising Tool for Vascular Occlusion Detection in Non-Enhanced CT.

(1) Background: to test the diagnostic performance of a fully convolutional neural network-based software prototype for clot detection in intracranial arteries using non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT) imaging data. (2) Methods: we retrospectively identified 85 patients with stroke imaging and one intracranial vessel occlusion. An automated clot detection prototype computed clot location, clot length, and clot volume in NECT scans.

CD19-Targeting CAR T Cells for Myositis and Interstitial Lung Disease Associated With Antisynthetase Syndrome.

Importance: Autoimmune disorders can affect various organs and if refractory, can be life threatening. Recently, CD19-targeting-chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells were efficacious as an immune suppressive agent in 6 patients with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus and in 1 patient with antisynthetase syndrome.

Objective: To test the safety and efficacy of CD19-targeting CAR T cells in a patient with severe antisynthetase syndrome, a complex autoimmune disorder with evidence for B- and T-cell involvement.

Prediction of Bone Marrow Biopsy Results From MRI in Multiple Myeloma Patients Using Deep Learning and Radiomics.

Objectives: In multiple myeloma and its precursor stages, plasma cell infiltration (PCI) and cytogenetic aberrations are important for staging, risk stratification, and response assessment. However, invasive bone marrow (BM) biopsies cannot be performed frequently and multifocally to assess the spatially heterogenous tumor tissue. Therefore, the goal of this study was to establish an automated framework to predict local BM biopsy results from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Is There Still a Role for Two-Phase Contrast-Enhanced CT and Virtual Monoenergetic Images in the Era of Photon-Counting Detector CT?

Background: To compare the diagnostic characteristics between arterial phase imaging versus portal venous phase imaging, applying polychromatic T3D images and low keV virtual monochromatic images using a 1st generation photon-counting CT detector, of CT in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: Consecutive patients with HCC, with a clinical indication for CT imaging, were prospectively enrolled. Virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) were reconstructed at 40 to 70 keV for the PCD-CT.

Photon-Counting Computed Tomography - Basic Principles, Potenzial Benefits, and Initial Clinical Experience.

Background: Photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) is a promising new technology with the potential to fundamentally change today's workflows in the daily routine and to provide new quantitative imaging information to improve clinical decision-making and patient management.

Method: The content of this review is based on an unrestricted literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar using the search terms "Photon-Counting CT", "Photon-Counting detector", "spectral CT", "Computed Tomography" as well as on the authors' experience.

Results: The fundamental difference with respect to the currently established energy-integrating CT detectors is that PCCT allows counting of every single photon at the detector level.