Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I: Evidence for the CB1 and CB2 Receptors Immunocontent and Beneficial Effect of Local Administration of Cannabidiol in Mice.

Complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I) is a debilitating neuropathic painful condition associated with allodynia, hyperalgesia, sudomotor and/or vasomotor dysfunctions, turning investigation of its pathophysiology and new therapeutic strategies into an essential topic. We aim to investigate the impact of ischemia/reperfusion injury on the immunocontent of CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptor isoforms in the paws of mice submitted to a chronic postischemia pain (CPIP) model and the effects of local administration of cannabidiol (CBD) on mechanical hyperalgesia. Female Swiss mice, 30-35 g, were submitted to the CPIP model on the right hind paw.

Electrical Stimulation of the Auricular Branch Vagus Nerve Using Random and Alternating Frequencies Triggers a Rapid Onset and Pronounced Antihyperalgesia via Peripheral Annexin A1-Formyl Peptide Receptor 2/ALX Pathway in a Mouse Model of Persistent Inflammatory Pain.

This study evaluated the antihyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of percutaneous vagus nerve electrical stimulation (pVNS) by comparing the effects of alternating and random frequencies in an animal model of persistent inflammatory hyperalgesia. The model was induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) intraplantar (i.pl.

Immunoregulatory Effect of Preventive Supplementation of Omega-3 Fatty Acid in a Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I Model in Mice.

Objective: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is usually triggered by trauma or a surgical procedure, and it typically becomes an established one after an intense inflammatory process with chronic pain and edema as the main symptoms. Available treatments for CRPS have low efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and immunoregulatory effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on paw edema and anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines and macrophage phenotypes in the chronic post-ischemia pain (CPIP) preclinical model of CRPS-Type I.

Decrease of IL-1β and TNF in the Spinal Cord Mediates Analgesia Produced by Ankle Joint Mobilization in Complete Freund Adjuvant-Induced Inflammation Mice Model.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of ankle joint mobilization (AJM) on mechanical hyperalgesia and peripheral and central inflammatory biomarkers after intraplantar (i.pl.) Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammation.

Potential Nociceptive Role of the Thoracolumbar Fascia: A Scope Review Involving In Vivo and Ex Vivo Studies.

Nociceptive innervation of the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) has been investigated over the past few decades; however, these studies have not been compiled or collectively appraised. The purpose of this scoping review was to assess current knowledge regarding nociceptive innervation of the TLF to better inform future mechanistic and clinical TLF research targeting lower back pain (LBP) treatment. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched in January 2021 using relevant descriptors encompassing fascia and pain.

Dynamics of GRK2 in the kidney: a putative mechanism for sepsis-associated kidney injury.

Renal vascular reactivity to vasoconstrictors is preserved in sepsis in opposition to what happens in the systemic circulation. We studied whether this distinct behavior was related to α1 adrenergic receptor density, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and the putative role of nitric oxide (NO). Sepsis was induced in female mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).

Dopaminergic Receptors as Neuroimmune Mediators in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

The dopaminergic system plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis between the central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system. Previous studies have associated imbalances in the dopaminergic system to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we examined the protein levels of dopaminergic receptors (D1R and D2R) in different phases of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model.

Aerobic exercise ameliorates survival, clinical score, lung inflammation, DNA and protein damage in septic mice.

Background And Objective: Sepsis is a potentially deadly organic dysfunction, and one of the main causes of mortality in intensive care units (ICU). Aerobic exercise (AE) is a preventive intervention in the establishment of inflammatory conditions, such as chronic lung diseases, but its effects on sepsis remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of AE on health condition, mortality, inflammation, and oxidative damage in an experimental model of pneumosepsis induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.

Electroacupuncture decreases inflammatory pain through a pro-resolving mechanism involving the peripheral annexin A1-formyl peptide receptor 2/ALX-opioid receptor pathway.

The pro-resolving mechanism is a recently described endogenous process that controls inflammation. The present study evaluated components of this mechanism, including annexin 1 (ANXA1) and the formyl peptide receptor 2/ALX (FPR2/ALX) receptor, in the antihyperalgesic effect induced by electroacupuncture (EA) in an animal model of persistent peripheral inflammation. Male Swiss mice underwent intraplantar (i.

Manipulation of the Fascial System Applied During Acute Inflammation of the Connective Tissue of the Thoracolumbar Region Affects Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Interleukin-4 Levels: Experimental Study in Mice.

Fascia can become rigid and assume a fibrotic pattern due to inflammatory processes. Manipulation of the fascial system (MFS), manual technique targeting connective tissues, is commonly used in clinical practice in pain management. We aimed to verify MFS effects on the connective tissue inflammatory changes in mice.

ET- receptors involvement in peripheral opioid analgesia induced by light-emitting diode photobiomodulation in male and female mice.

Currently, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is gaining space in the scientific and clinical environment. To help elucidate the importance of irradiance, this study evaluated the effect of two different PBMT irradiances (3.5 and 90 mW/cm), given a fixed wavelength of 630 nm and a dose of 2 J/cm, on mechanical hyperalgesia following Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) intraplantar (i.

Role of the endocannabinoid system on the antihyperalgesic action of gabapentin in animal model of neuropathic pain induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation.

Gabapentin has antihyperalgesic action, decreasing central sensitization in neuropathic pain models; this effect depends on the mobilization of endogenous pain control pathways. This study aims to investigate the contribution of the endocannabinoid system to the antihyperalgesic action of gabapentin. Mus musculus Swiss, male, were submitted to PSL.

Balneotherapy decreases mechanical hyperalgesia by reversing BDNF and NOS2 immunocontent in spinal cord of mice with neuropathic pain.

In the last decades, balneotherapy or thermalism has been used for health promotion and in the treatment of inflammatory and chronic processes. We found that balneotherapy reduced mechanical hyperalgesia, as well the increase of BDNF and NOS2 levels in the spinal cord, while increased BDNF and NOS1 in the paw. The data presented herein demonstrated for the first time in a murine model of neuropathic pain, the analgesic effect of balneotherapy with the water from the natural springs of Santo Amaro da Imperatriz-Brazil.

Late Brain Involvement after Neonatal Immune Activation.

The neonatal immune system is still immature, which makes it more susceptible to the infectious agents. Neonatal immune activation is associated with increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, causing an inflammatory cascade in the CNS and altering behavioral and neurochemical parameters. One of the hypotheses that has been studied is that neuroinflammation may be involved in neurodegenerative processes, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Pulmonary and muscle profile in pneumosepsis: A temporal analysis of inflammatory markers.

In sepsis, greater understanding of the inflammatory mechanism involved would provide insights into the condition and into its extension to the muscular apparatus in critically ill patients. Therefore, this study evaluates the inflammatory profile of pneumosepsis induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.p.

Annexin A1, FPR2/ALX, and inflammatory cytokine expression in peritoneal endometriosis.

To characterize Annexin A1 (ANXA1), FPR2/ALX and cytokines expression in peritoneal endometriosis and to clarify their role in its etiology, a cross-sectional study was performed with forty women in reproductive age (22 patients with endometriosis and 18 control women) that had undergone laparoscopic surgery. Peritoneal biopsy and fluid aspirations from endometriosis and control samples were analyzed for the expression of ANXA1, FPR2/ALX and cytokines. ANXA1 and FPR2 / ALX levels were measured by Western blotting and interleukin 1ß (IL-1β), interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Electroacupuncture induces antihyperalgesic effect through endothelin-B receptor in the chronic phase of a mouse model of complex regional pain syndrome type I.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a disorder that involves abnormal inflammation and nerve dysfunction frequently resistant to a broad range of treatments. Peripheral nerve stimulation with electroacupuncture (EA) has been widely used in different clinical conditions to control pain and inflammation; however, the use of EA in the treatment of CRPS is under investigation. In this study, we explore the effects of EA on hyperalgesia and edema induced in an animal model of chronic post-ischemia pain (CPIP model) and the possible involvement of endothelin receptor type B (ET) in this effect.

Effects of Different Parameters of Continuous Training and High-Intensity Interval Training in the Chronic Phase of a Mouse Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I.

This study evaluated the effects of continuous and interval running on a treadmill on mechanical hyperalgesia in an animal model of chronic postischemia pain and analyzed the mechanism of action of this effect. Different groups of male Swiss mice with chronic postischemia pain, induced by 3 hours of paw ischemia followed by reperfusion, ran on the treadmill in different protocols-the speed (10, 13, 16, or 19 m/min), duration (15, 30, or 60 minutes), weekly frequency (3 or 5 times), weekly increase in continuous and interval running speed-were tested. Mechanical hyperalgesia was evaluated by von Frey filament 7, 14, and 21 days after paw ischemia followed by reperfusion.

Experimental Sepsis Severity Score Associated to Mortality and Bacterial Spreading is Related to Bacterial Load and Inflammatory Profile of Different Tissues.

Pneumonia-induced sepsis is responsible for about 50% of cases in the world. Patients who develop severe sepsis and septic shock present organ dysfunction and elevated plasma cytokine levels, which may lead to death. Clinical scores are important to evaluate the framework of septic patients and are used to predict the syndrome progress, prognostics, and mortality.

Isoniazid-induced control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by primary human cells requires interleukin-1 receptor and tumor necrosis factor.

Proinflammatory cytokines are critical mediators that control Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth during active tuberculosis (ATB). To further inhibit bacterial proliferation in diseased individuals, drug inhibitors of cell wall synthesis such as isoniazid (INH) are employed. However, whether INH presents an indirect effect on bacterial growth by regulating host cytokines during ATB is not well known.

FPR2/ALX activation reverses LPS-induced vascular hyporeactivity in aorta and increases survival in a pneumosepsis model.

The formylpeptide receptor 2 (FPR2/ALX) is a very promiscuous receptor, utilized by lipid and protein ligands that trigger pro- or anti-inflammatory responses. FPR2/ALX expression is increased in lung tissues of septic animals and its activation has a beneficial therapeutic effect by controlling exacerbated inflammation. Although FPR2/ALX expression was observed in vascular smooth muscle cells, its role in vascular reactivity in inflammatory conditions has not been studied.

Dual role of lipoxin A4 in pneumosepsis pathogenesis.

Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is an endogenous lipid mediator with potent anti-inflammatory actions but its role in infectious processes is not well understood. We investigated the involvement of LXA4 and its receptor FPR2/ALX in the septic inflammatory dysregulation. Pneumosepsis was induced in mice by inoculation of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Altered phenotype and function of dendritic cells in individuals with chronic periodontitis.

Objective: To investigate the effects of periodontal bacterial lysates on maturation and function of mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (m-MDDCs) derived from individuals with chronic periodontitis (CP) or healthy periodontal tissue (HP).

Design: m-MDDCs derived from peripheral blood monocytes, cultured for 7 days in presence of interleukin (IL)-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), were stimulated with lysates of Streptococcus sanguinis, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, or Treponema denticola on day 4, and were then phenotyped. IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-gamma concentration in the supernatant of cultures were measured.

Comparison of the distribution of dendritic cells in peri-implant mucosa and healthy gingiva.

Purpose: The host response to infection differs between peri-implantitis and periodontitis, but the mechanisms underlying these differences are not understood. In this study, the distribution of dendritic cell subpopulations in healthy peri-implant mucosa (HPIM) was compared to that of healthy gingiva (HG).

Materials And Methods: HPIM and HG specimens were obtained from nonsmoking, systemically healthy subjects.