Effect of Fluridone on Roots and Leaf Buds Development in Stem Cuttings of (L.) 'Tortuosa' and Related Metabolic and Physiological Traits.

The herbicide fluridone (1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-trifluoromethyl (phenyl)]-4(1H)-pyridone) interferes with carotenoid biosynthesis in plants by inhibiting the conversion of phytoene to phytofluene. Fluridone also indirectly inhibits the biosynthesis of abscisic acid and strigolactones, and therefore, our study indirectly addresses the effect of reduced ABA on the roots and leaf buds development in stem cuttings of L. 'Tortuosa'.

Exposure to Light of the Abaxial versus Adaxial Side of Detached Leaves Affects Anthocyanin Content and Composition Differently.

The accumulation and composition of anthocyanins in leaves of , detached and kept for five days under natural light conditions, were investigated. The presence of fifteen derivatives of cyanidin, petunidin, and delphinidin was found. Changes in the content of each anthocyanin in the leaves before and after exposure to light on the abaxial (naturally upper) and adaxial (naturally lower) sides of the leaves were compared.

Changes in the Carbohydrate Profile in Common Buckwheat ( Moench) Seedlings Induced by Cold Stress and Dehydration.

Plant species are sensitive to stresses, especially at the seedling stage, and they respond to these conditions by making metabolic changes to counteract the negative effects of this. The objectives of this study were to determine carbohydrate profile in particular organs (roots, hypocotyl, and cotyledons) of common buckwheat seedlings and to verify whether carbohydrate accumulation is similar or not in the organs in response to cold stress and dehydration. Roots, hypocotyl, and cotyledons of common buckwheat seedlings have various saccharide compositions.

Exogenously Applied Cyclitols and Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Affect the Soluble Carbohydrate Profiles of Wheat ( L.) Seedling.

Cyclitols, such as -inositol and its isomers and methyl derivatives (i.e., d--inositol and d-pinitol (3--methyl--inositol)), are classified as osmolytes and osmoprotectants and are significantly involved in plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity and cold.

Accumulation of Anthocyanins in Detached Leaves of : Relevance to the Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on This Process.

Accumulation of anthocyanins in detached leaves and in excised stems of kept under natural light conditions in the presence or absence of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) was investigated. When the abaxial surface of detached leaves was held lower than the adaxial surface (the normal or natural position) under natural light conditions, anthocyanins were not accumulated on the abaxial side of the leaves. In contrast, when the adaxial surface of detached leaves was held lower than the abaxial surface (inverted position), anthocyanins were highly accumulated on the abaxial side of the leaves.

The Size-Dependent Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Germination, Early Seedling Development and Polar Metabolite Profile of Wheat ( L.).

The phytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to plant seeds germination and seedlings development depends on nanoparticles properties and concentration, as well as plant species and stress tolerance degrees. In the present study, the effect of citrate-stabilized spherical Ag NPs (20 mg/L) in sizes of 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 nm, on wheat grain germination, early seedlings development, and polar metabolite profile in 3-day-old seedlings were analyzed. Ag NPs, regardless of their sizes, did not affect the germination of wheat grains.

The Imbibition of Pea ( L.) Seeds in Silver Nitrate Reduces Seed Germination, Seedlings Development and Their Metabolic Profile.

The use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on plants is accompanied by the occurrence of Ag ions, so the research of the effects of both on plants should be related. Therefore, in our study, the effects of Ag NPs suspension (containing Ag at 20 mg/L) and AgNO solutions (with the concentration of Ag ions at 20 and 50 mg/L) on the seed germination and early seedling growth (4 days) of pea ( L.) were compared.

The Effect of Bio-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Germination, Early Seedling Development, and Metabolome of Wheat ( L.).

Changes in the metabolome of germinating seeds and seedlings caused by metal nanoparticles are poorly understood. In the present study, the effects of bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles ((Bio)Ag NPs) on grains germination, early seedlings development, and metabolic profiles of roots, coleoptile, and endosperm of wheat were analyzed. Grains germinated well in (Bio)Ag NPs suspensions at the concentration in the range 10-40 mg/L.

Changes in Metabolic Profiles of Pea ( L.) as a Result of Repeated Short-Term Soil Drought and Subsequent Re-Watering.

The metabolic re-arrangements of peas ( L.) under soil drought and re-watering are still not fully explained. The search for metabolic markers of the stress response is important in breeding programs, to allow for the selection drought-resistant cultivars.

Changes in Polar Metabolites Content during Natural and Methyl-Jasmonate-Promoted Senescence of Leaves.

The present study clarified changes in the contents of polar metabolites (amino acids, organic acids, saccharides, cyclitols, and phosphoric acid) in leaf senescence in with or without the application of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) in comparison with those in naturally senescent leaf blades and petioles. The contents of most amino acids and citric and malic acids were significantly higher in abaxially, and that of -inositol was lower in abaxially JA-Me-treated leaves than in adaxially JA-Me-treated and naturally senescent leaves. The levels of succinic and fumaric acids in leaves treated adaxially substantially high, but not in naturally senescent leaves.

Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on the Terpene Trilactones, Flavonoids, and Phenolic Acids in L. Leaves: Relevance to Leaf Senescence.

The present study compared the effects of natural senescence and methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) treatment on the levels of terpene trilactones (TTLs; ginkgolides and bilobalide), phenolic acids, and flavonoids in the primary organs of leaves, leaf blades, and petioles. Levels of the major TTLs, ginkgolides B and C, were significantly higher in the leaf blades of naturally senesced yellow leaves harvested on 20 October compared with green leaves harvested on 9 September. In petioles, a similar effect was found, although the levels of these compounds were almost half as high.

Effect of Elicitation with Iron Chelate and Sodium Metasilicate on Phenolic Compounds in Legume Sprouts.

Seven-day-old sprouts of fenugreek ( L.), lentil ( L.), and alfalfa ( L.

UV-B radiation increases anthocyanin levels in cotyledons and inhibits the growth of common buckwheat seedlings.

The impact of short-term UV-B treatment on the content of individual flavonoids and photosynthetic pigments in cotyledons and the growth of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seedlings was investigated. Seeds of four common buckwheat cultivars were germinated in darkness over a period of 4 days and acclimatized for 2 days under a 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod at 24/18 °C day/night, and exposure to 100-120 μmol ∙ m ∙ s of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Seedlings were divided into three batches, including two batches subjected to different doses of UV-B (5 W ∙ m and 10 W ∙ m, one hour per day) for 5 days, and a control group exposed to PAR only.

Coexistence of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. genospecies within Ixodes ricinus ticks from central and eastern Poland.

The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence and coinfection rates of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genotypes in Ixodes ricinus (L.) ticks sampled from diverse localities in central and eastern regions of Poland. In years 2009-2011, questing nymphs and adults of I.

Methyl jasmonate stimulates biosynthesis of 2-phenylethylamine, phenylacetic acid and 2-phenylethanol in seedlings of common buckwheat.

Methyl jasmonate has a strong effect on secondary metabolizm in plants, by stimulating the biosynthesis a number of phenolic compounds and alkaloids. Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is an important source of biologically active compounds. This research focuses on the detection and quantification of 2-phenylethylamine and its possible metabolites in the cotyledons, hypocotyl and roots of common buckwheat seedlings treated with methyl jasmonate.

Effect of fluazifop-p-butyl treatment on pigments and polyamines level within tissues of non-target maize plants.

Fluazifop-p-butyl (FL) is one of the most popular graminicides from arylophenoxypropionate group. These herbicides act as inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) that catalyzes the formation of malonyl-CoA during metabolism of lipids and/or of some secondary compounds. On the other hand arylopropionates and cyclohexanediones cause phytotoxic effects by stimulating free-radicals generation and causing oxidative stress in susceptible plants.

Effects of methyl jasmonate on accumulation of flavonoids in seedlings of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench).

The jasmonates, which include jasmonic acid and its methyl ester (MJ), play a central role in regulating the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, and also are signaling molecules in environmental stresses. Synthesis of anthocyanins pigments is a final part of flavonoids pathway route. Accumulation of the pigments in young seedlings is stimulated by various environmental stresses, such as high-intensity light, wounding, pathogen attack, drought, sugar and nutrient deficiency.

Molecular structure of lathyritol, a galactosylbornesitol from Lathyrus odoratus seeds, by NMR.

The molecular structure of galactosyl-D-(-)-bornesitol, a novel compound isolated from sweet pea seeds, was determined to be alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-1-O-methyl-1D-myo-inositol by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and is assigned the trivial name lathyritol.

Molecular structure of fagopyritol A1 (O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-D-chiro-inositol) by NMR.

The molecular structure of fagopyritol A1, a novel galactopyranosyl cyclitol from buckwheat seeds, was determined to be O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-D-chiro-inositol by 1H and 13C NMR. Fagopyritol A1 is a positional isomer of fagopyritol B1 (O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-D-chiro-inositol), representing a different series of fagopyritol oligomers. Trimethylsilyl derivatives of both compounds have similar mass spectra, but each may be identified by different abundance ratios of fragments with m/z 305/318 and 318/319.

Galactosylpinitols isolated from vetch (Vicia villosa roth.) seeds.

Three alpha-galactosides of D-pinitol: 1D-O-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1-->2)-4-O-methyl-chiro-inositol, 1, 1D-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1- ->2)-4-O-methyl-chiro-inositol, 2, and 1D-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-- >6)-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-4-O-methyl-chiro-inositol, 3, present in vetch seeds, were isolated, purified, and quantitatively determined using column and high-resolution gas chromatography. Their structures were established by (1)H and (13)C NMR 1D and 2D techniques.

Residues of cycloate and influence of herbicides on some of nutritional factors in spinach.

The influence of cycloate (active component of Ro-Neet 6E) on the biological value and residues in spinach was studied. During the growing season of spinach, cycloate residues decreased rapidly until by harvest time levels 0.0005--0.

The study of heptenophos and triazophos residues in vegetables treated with the organophosphorus insecticides Hostaquick and Hostathion.

The residues of heptenophos and triazophos (active components of Hostaquick and Hostathion) were determined in several vegetable crops during the growing period. Heptenophos residues decreased below the limit of detection (0.001 mg/kg) in most of the crops one week after the treatment.