Tumour Recurrence, Depth of Invasion, and Temple Location as Independent Prognostic Parameters of Lymph Node Metastases of Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

The excellent survival rate of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) exceeding 90% is reduced by the presence of nodal metastases by over 50%. We analysed various risk parameters of cSCC to predict the incidence of nodal metastases. A total of 118 patients with the head cSCC were included in a single-institution retrospective study covering the period from 2008 to 2020.

Parotid Gland Metastases of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head: Occult Metastases Occurrence and Their Late Manifestation.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) are malignant tumours with excellent prognosis unless nodal metastases develop. The aim of our study is to determine the prognostic significance of the clinical stage of parotid gland metastases and the incidence of occult cervical lymph node involvement in cSCC of the head. Our retrospective analysis includes 39 patients with cSCC parotid gland metastases, 15 of whom had concurrent cervical node involvement.

Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland: Study and Review of the Literature.

Background/aim: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland (pPSCC) is a rare tumor, accounting for less than 3% of all parotid carcinomas. There is no general consensus on the management of this tumor, since clinical experience for pPSCC is minimal. Moreover, pPSCC is often misdiagnosed for metastatic cutaneous carcinoma.

Elective parotidectomy and neck dissection are not beneficial in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head.

Objective: Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC), a tumor with a significantly increasing incidence, is mostly diagnosed in the head region, where tumors have a worse prognosis and a higher risk of metastases. The presence of metastases reduces specific five-year survival from 99% to 50%. As the risk of occult metastases does not exceed 10%, elective dissection of the tributary parotid and neck lymph nodes is not recommended.

Current status and future perspectives of oral HPV testing in the diagnosis and monitoring of oropharyngeal cancer. A review.

HPV16 status in oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is an important prognostic factor. Its determination, based on immunistochemical analysis of p16 oncoprotein requires an invasive biopsy. Thus, alternative methods are being sought.

DNA repair in head and neck tumor cells and possibilities of its monitoring to estimate individual tumor radioresistance and selection of optimal primary treatment.

In order to maximize post-therapeutic quality of life, radio(chemo)therapy becomes preferred over surgery in head-and-neck tumor (HNT) treatment. However, the therapy selection is only based on the clinical experience and patient's preferences as the radiosensitivity markers remain unknown. New possibilities of deciding on the best primary therapy, moving us towards personalized medicine based on quantifiable biomarkers, have been opened by studies on DNA radiation damage and repair in individual patients tumors.

Salivary microRNAs identified by small RNA sequencing as potential predictors of response to intensity-modulated radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients.

Purpose: Progress in radiation therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) is logically linked to the development of molecular predictors that would help to enhance individually tailored treatment. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in tumors have repeatedly been tested to optimize the molecular diagnostics of HNSCC. In addition to tumor tissues, miRNAs are stably present in body fluids, including saliva, and can thus be collected non-invasively.

One-step detection of human papilloma viral infection using quantum dot-nucleotide interaction specificity.

Due to the close relationship between carcinogenesis and human papillomavirus (HPV), and since they are transmitted via huge number of asymptomatic carriers, the detection of HPV is really needed to reduce the risk of developing cancer. According to the best of our knowledge, our study provides the very first method for one-step detection of viral infection and if it has initiated the subsequent cancer proliferation. The proposed novel nanosystem consists of magnetic glass particles (MGPs), which were attached with DNA probe on their surface to hybridize with target DNAs.

Expression of CD44, EGFR, p16, and their mutual combinations in patients with head and neck cancer: Impact on outcomes of intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

Background: Progress in radiation treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) deserves the studies focused on molecular predictors that would help to enhance individually tailored treatment.

Methods: p16/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/cluster of differentiation-44 (CD44) was immunohistochemically analyzed in 165 HNSCC patients.

Results: In the entire group and the p16 negative cohort, better 3-year overall survival and locoregional control correlated with p16 positivity, CD44, and EGFR negativity were observed.

Primary Branchiogenic Carcinoma.

Background: Primary branchiogenic carcinoma (BC) is an exceptional diagnostic entity. In most cases, suspicion of BC is confirmed to be a cystic lymph node metastasis of an occult primary tumor. Martin and Khafif therefore established diagnostic criteria, emphasizing above all the importance of a histologically assessed transformation of cystic lining epithelium into an invasive squamous cell carcinoma in one pathological lesion after the exclusion of a primary tumor.

Metastases of a Breast Cancer to Skull Base.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a frequent malignant disease which tends to develop distant metastases, but only very rarely in the head and neck region.

Case Report: We present two case reports of patients with metastases of invasive BC in this area. They are of different clinical manifestation with different time relation to the primary tumor and different symptomatology.

Prognostic impact of combined immunoprofiles in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients with respect to AJCC 8th edition.

Objectives: To examine combined immunoprofiles of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), CD44, and p16 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and to correlate them with radiotherapy treatment outcomes and clinicopathological parameters. Prognostic impact of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition staging system in comparison with 7th edition was analyzed.

Methods: The study included 77 OPSCC patients treated by definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).

Differential expression of homologous recombination DNA repair genes in the early and advanced stages of myelodysplastic syndrome.

Background: The high incidence of mutations and cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) suggests that defects in DNA repair mechanisms. We monitored DNA repair pathways in MDS and their alterations during disease progression.

Methods: Expression profiling of DNA repair genes was performed on CD34+ cells, and paired samples were used for monitoring of RAD51 and XRCC2 gene expression during disease progression.

Expression profiles of miR-29c, miR-200b and miR-375 in tumour and tumour-adjacent tissues of head and neck cancers.

Altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been shown in many types of malignancies including the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Although there are many new and innovative approaches in the treatment of HNSCC, a clear marker of this disease is still missing. Three candidate miRNAs (miR-29c-3p, miR-200b-5p and miR-375-3p) were studied in connection with HNSCC using quantitative real-time PCR expression levels in 42 tissue samples of HNSCC patients and histologically normal tumour-adjacent tissue samples of these patients.

Effect of ethanol at clinically relevant concentrations on atrial inward rectifier potassium current sensitive to acetylcholine.

Alcohol intoxication tends to induce arrhythmias, most often the atrial fibrillation. To elucidate arrhythmogenic mechanisms related to alcohol consumption, the effect of ethanol on main components of the ionic membrane current is investigated step by step. Considering limited knowledge, we aimed to examine the effect of clinically relevant concentrations of ethanol (0.

Addictive drugs, arrhythmias, and cardiac inward rectifiers.

In many addictive drugs including alcohol and nicotine, proarrhythmic effects were reported. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge in this field (with a focus on the inward rectifier potassium currents) to promote the lacking data and appeal for their completion, thus, to improve understanding of the proarrhythmic potential of addictive drugs.

Effect of HPV on tumor expression levels of the most commonly used markers in HNSCC.

Approximately 90 % of head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), and the overall 5-year survival rate is not higher than 50 %. There is much evidence that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may influence the expression of commonly studied HNSCC markers. Our study was focused on the possible HPV-specificity of molecular markers that could be key players in important steps of cancerogenesis (MKI67, EGF, EGFR, BCL-2, BAX, FOS, JUN, TP53, MT1A, MT2A, VEGFA, FLT1, MMP2, MMP9, and POU5F).

Prognostic significance of the tumour-adjacent tissue in head and neck cancers.

Even with significant advances in operative skills and adjuvant therapies, the overall survival of patients suffering with head and neck squamous cancers (HNSCC) is unsatisfactory. Accordingly, no clinically useful prognostic biomarkers have been found yet for HNSCC. Many studies analysed the expression of potential markers in tumour tissues compared to adjacent tissues.

Frequencies of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 haplotypes in Czech and Slovak coeliac patients and the healthy population.

Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disorder with genetic predisposition. The aim was to determine the frequency of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 in Czech and Slovak patients and the healthy population. The study included 127 patients and 66 healthy volunteers.

High perioperative level of oxidative stress as a prognostic tool for identifying patients with a high risk of recurrence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships among (a) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA); (b) oncological characteristics (i.e., TNM classification, tumor grade), and; (c) prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.