Trichostrongylus and Haemonchus anthelmintic resistance in naturally infected sheep from southern Brazil.

The anthelmintic resistance in small ruminants is a common problem and concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to verify anthelmintic treatment efficacy in naturally infected sheep. This study was conducted on nine herds that used the same anthelmintic management for over a year.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) naturally infected by Clinostomum complanatum: a preliminary study.

Clinostomum complanatum is a zoonotic parasite of birds, and its larval form (metacercariae) may cause disease in fish. The immune response of fish infected by C. complanatum is unknown, and therefore the objective of this study was to evaluate serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) infected by this parasite.