Catastrophic health expenditure during the COVID-19 pandemic in five countries: a time-series analysis.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted health systems in 2020, but it is unclear how financial hardship due to out-of-pocket (OOP) health-care costs was affected. We analysed catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) in 2020 in five countries with available household expenditure data: Belarus, Mexico, Peru, Russia, and Viet Nam. In Mexico and Peru, we also conducted an analysis of drivers of change in CHE in 2020 using publicly available data.

[Exposure to domestic violence and bullying victimization among Peruvian adolescents].

With the aim of evaluating the association between exposure to violence at home and bullying victimization among Peruvian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, during 2019, a cross-sectional study of secondary data analysis of the 2019 Peruvian National Survey on Social Relations (ENARES) was carried out. The independent variable was exposure to violence at home, and the dependent variable was bullying victimization, which included psychological and physical bullying. Potential confounding variables were also included.

Gender Differences in the Factors Associated with Alcohol Binge Drinking: A Population-Based Analysis in a Latin American Country.

Alcohol consumption is a public health problem in Peru, fostered by traditional practices, where promoting social interaction in celebrations, facilitating field work as a source of energy and warmth, and achieving objectives in certain labor negotiations, play an important role. However, research on the risk factors of binge drinking according to gender is limited. The study aim was to determine the factors associated with binge drinking in the Peruvian adult population by gender.

Prevalence of home birth among 880,345 women in 67 low- and middle-income countries: A meta-analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of home birth in low-middle income countries (LMIC) according to geographic area and sociodemographic characteristics between 2000 and 2019.

Methods: A meta-analysis was carried out using the most recent demographic and health surveys as a data source (total countries: 67). A random-effects meta-analysis was obtained to calculate pooled prevalence estimates of home birth for all the countries included and by geographic region of the world.

Geographic and socioeconomic inequalities in cesarean birth rates in Peru: A comparison between 2009 and 2018.

Background: There is a global concern about the high rates of cesarean birth (CB). This study aimed to investigate the geographic and socioeconomic inequalities in CB rates in the Peruvian population.

Methods: We conducted a population-based study using the Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Surveys (ENDES, the Spanish acronym for Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar) between 2009 and 2018.

Metrics of Ideal Cardiovascular Health are Unequally Distributed between Peruvian Men and Women: Analysis of a National Population-Based Survey in 2017.

Background: To determine socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics among Peruvian adults as well as differences according to sex.

Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in 26,175 individuals aged 18-65 years using the 2017 Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey. According to the American Heart Association, 5 CVH metrics which comprised three ideal health behaviors (diet, non smoking, ideal body mass index [BMI]), and two ideal health factors (ideal blood pressure and no history of diabetes) were evaluated.

Factors associated with home births in Peru 2015-2017: A cross-sectional population-based study.

Background: Higher rates of maternal complications and deaths have been described in home births. However, few local studies have evaluated factors associated with home births in Peru. The study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with home birth in the Peruvian population.

Differences in the prevalence of cesarean section and associated factors in private and public healthcare systems in Peru.

Background: Cesarean section rates have been steadily increasing worldwide. Private health facilities are reported as being a major contributor to this rising rate in Latin America.

Aim: To assess the prevalence and determinants of cesarean section rates among public and private health facilities in Peru.

Determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in Peru: analysis of the 2018 Demographic and Family Health Survey.

Objectives: Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) is one of the most cost-effective strategies to reduce neonatal mortality. We sought to determine the prevalence and determinants of EIBF in Peru.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analytical study of the 2018 Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey as a secondary data source.

Use of mammography in Peruvian women: An analysis of the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the second most prevalent neoplasm in women after cervical cancer in Peru. It is also the third leading cause of female mortality. The implementation of screening programs using mammography has led to a considerable reduction in the mortality of this cancer in high-income countries.

[Manipulation, analysis, and visualization of data from the demographic and family health survey with the R program].

The Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES, in Spanish) is a national population-based survey with representation at the departmental level and area of residence, constituting a source of information on the health status of the Peruvian population. In order to standardize its processing and subsequent reuse by the academic community and other stakeholders, we documented the code for the manipulation, analysis, and visualization of data from the ENDES 2017 health questionnaire, through an example on the prevalence of hypertension and obesity, using the R statistical programming environment and language. The R code is presented and detailed sequentially, as well as the theoretical support of the survey structure for the manipulation of databases, considering that the complex structure of the ENDES could be a potential barrier faced by researchers.