Far-field, near-field and photothermal response of plasmonic twinned magnesium nanostructures.

Magnesium nanoparticles offer an alternative plasmonic platform capable of resonances across the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared. Crystalline magnesium nanoparticles display twinning on the (101̄1), (101̄2), (101̄3), and (112̄1) planes leading to concave folded shapes named tents, chairs, tacos, and kites, respectively. We use the Wulff-based Crystal Creator tool to expand the range of Mg crystal shapes with twinning over the known Mg twin planes, , (101̄), = 1, 2, 3 and (112̄), = 1, 2, 3, 4, and study the effects of relative facet expression on the resulting shapes.

Bimetallic copper palladium nanorods: plasmonic properties and palladium content effects.

Cu is an inexpensive alternative plasmonic metal with optical behaviour comparable to Au but with much poorer environmental stability. Alloying with a more stable metal can improve stability and add functionality, with potential effects on the plasmonic properties. Here we investigate the plasmonic behaviour of Cu nanorods and Cu-CuPd nanorods containing up to 46 mass percent Pd.

Seed-mediated synthesis of monodisperse plasmonic magnesium nanoparticles.

We reduce di--butylmagnesium with arene (naphthalene, biphenyl, phenanthrene) radical anions and dianions to obtain metallic, plasmonic Mg nanoparticles. Their size and shape depends on the dianion concentration and reduction potential. Based on these results, we demonstrate a seeded growth Mg nanoparticle synthesis and report homogeneous shapes with controllable monodisperse size distributions.

Plasmonic magnesium nanoparticles decorated with palladium catalyze thermal and light-driven hydrogenation of acetylene.

Bimetallic Pd-Mg nanoparticles were synthesized by partial galvanic replacement of plasmonic Mg nanoparticles, and their catalytic and photocatalytic properties in selective hydrogenation of acetylene have been investigated. Electron probe studies confirm that the Mg-Pd structures mainly consist of metallic Mg and sustain several localized plasmon resonances across a broad wavelength range. We demonstrate that, even without light excitation, the Pd-Mg nanostructures exhibit an excellent catalytic activity with selectivity to ethylene of 55% at 100% acetylene conversion achieved at 60 °C.

Synthesis of Controllable Cu Shells on Au Nanoparticles with Electrodeposition: A Systematic Single Particle Study.

Bimetallic Cu on Au nanoparticles with controllable morphology and optical properties were obtained via electrochemical synthesis. In particular, multilobed structures with good homogeneity were achieved through the optimization of experimental parameters such as deposition current, charge transfer, and metal ion concentration. A hyperspectral dark field scattering setup was used to characterize the electrodeposition on a single particle level, with changes in localized surface plasmon resonance frequency correlated with deposition charge transfer and amount of Cu deposited as determined by electron microscopy.

Opportunities and Challenges for Alternative Nanoplasmonic Metals: Magnesium and Beyond.

Materials that sustain localized surface plasmon resonances have a broad technology potential as attractive platforms for surface-enhanced spectroscopies, chemical and biological sensing, light-driven catalysis, hyperthermal cancer therapy, waveguides, and so on. Most plasmonic nanoparticles studied to date are composed of either Ag or Au, for which a vast array of synthetic approaches are available, leading to controllable size and shape. However, recently, alternative materials capable of generating plasmonically enhanced light-matter interactions have gained prominence, notably Cu, Al, In, and Mg.

Size Control in the Colloidal Synthesis of Plasmonic Magnesium Nanoparticles.

Nanoparticles of plasmonic materials can sustain oscillations of their free electron density, called localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs), giving them a broad range of potential applications. Mg is an earth-abundant plasmonic material attracting growing attention owing to its ability to sustain LSPRs across the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelength range. Tuning the LSPR frequency of plasmonic nanoparticles requires precise control over their size and shape; for Mg, this control has previously been achieved using top-down fabrication or gas-phase methods, but these are slow and expensive.

Improving the stability of plasmonic magnesium nanoparticles in aqueous media.

This work describes two different core-shell architectures based on Mg nanoparticles (NPs) synthesised in order to improve Mg's stability in aqueous solutions. The shell thickness in Mg-polydopamine NPs can be modulated from 5 to >50 nm by ending the polymerization at different times; the resulting structures stabilize the metallic, plasmonic core in water for well over an hour. Mg-silica NPs with shells ranging from 5 to 30 nm can also be prepared a modified Stöber procedure and they retain optical properties in 5% water-in-isopropanol solutions.

On the identification of twinning in body-centred cubic nanoparticles.

Many metals and alloys, including Fe and W, adopt body-centred cubic (BCC) crystal structures and nanoparticles of these metals are gaining significant scientific and industrial relevance. Twinning has a marked effect on catalytic activity, yet there is little evidence for or against the presence of twinning in BCC nanoparticles. Here, we explore the potential shapes of twinned BCC nanoparticles, and predict their electron microscopy and diffraction signatures.

Tents, Chairs, Tacos, Kites, and Rods: Shapes and Plasmonic Properties of Singly Twinned Magnesium Nanoparticles.

Nanostructures of some metals can sustain light-driven electron oscillations called localized surface plasmon resonances, or LSPRs, that give rise to absorption, scattering, and local electric field enhancement. Their resonant frequency is dictated by the nanoparticle (NP) shape and size, fueling much research geared toward discovery and control of new structures. LSPR properties also depend on composition; traditional, rare, and expensive noble metals (Ag, Au) are increasingly eclipsed by earth-abundant alternatives, with Mg being an exciting candidate capable of sustaining resonances across the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared spectral ranges.

Decoration of plasmonic Mg nanoparticles by partial galvanic replacement.

Plasmonic structures have attracted much interest in science and engineering disciplines, exploring a myriad of potential applications owing to their strong light-matter interactions. Recently, the plasmonic concentration of energy in subwavelength volumes has been used to initiate chemical reactions, for instance by combining plasmonic materials with catalytic metals. In this work, we demonstrate that plasmonic nanoparticles of earth-abundant Mg can undergo galvanic replacement in a nonaqueous solvent to produce decorated structures.

When the Muses Strike: Creative Ideas of Physicists and Writers Routinely Occur During Mind Wandering.

How often are creative ideas generated during episodes of mind wandering, and do they differ from those generated while on task? In two studies ( N = 98, N = 87), professional writers and physicists reported on their most creative idea of the day, what they were thinking about and doing when it occurred, whether the idea felt like an "aha" moment, and the quality of the idea. Participants reported that one fifth of their most significant ideas of the day were formed during spontaneous task-independent mind wandering-operationalized here as (a) engaging in an activity other than working and (b) thinking about something unrelated to the generated idea. There were no differences between ratings of the creativity or importance of ideas that occurred during mind wandering and those that occurred on task.

A preliminary investigation of attachment style and inflammation in African-American young adults.

Individuals' social experiences are associated with their mental health, physical health, and even mortality. Over the last 30 years, researchers have examined the ways in which these social experiences might be associated with chronic inflammation - a component underlying many of the chronic diseases of aging. Little research, however, has examined the role of adults' attachment style as a specific social component that might be associated with inflammation.

STARS experiential group intervention: a complex trauma treatment approach for survivors of human trafficking.

This is the abstract that was submitted online with the paper: Despite the fact that many survivors of human trafficking have experienced complex trauma, there are no established interventions designed to specifically address these impacts. Leaders in the field of complex trauma have advocated for the need for somatic approaches to intervention. This paper presents STARS Experiential Group treatment, the first structured bodybased group intervention that has been designed to address complex trauma in survivors of human trafficking.

A Comparison of Psychological Symptoms in Survivors of Sex and Labor Trafficking.

Human trafficking is a form of interpersonal trauma that has significant mental health impacts on survivors. This study examined psychological symptoms in 131 survivors of sex and labor trafficking, including people trafficked into or within the United States. High rates of depression (71%) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (61%) were identified.

Perceptions of parental secure base support in African American adolescents and young adults: A preliminary study of predictive links to adult C-reactive protein.

Within the field of relationship science there is increasing interest in the connections between close relationships and physical health. In the present study, we examined whether adolescents' (~12 years old) and young adults' (~20 years old) perceptions of their parents as a secure base prospectively predict C-reactive protein (CRP), a commonly used marker of inflammatory activity, at age 32 in a well-characterized sample of African Americans. We utilized existing data collected as part of the Maryland Adolescent Development in Context Study (MADICS) to construct measures of perceptions of parental secure base support (SBS), general parental support, and peer support in early adolescence and early adulthood.

Treating adult survivors of childhood emotional abuse and neglect: A new framework.

This article provides the outline of a new framework for treating adult survivors of childhood emotional abuse and neglect. Component-based psychotherapy (CBP) is an evidence-informed model that bridges, synthesizes, and expands upon several existing schools, or theories, of treatment for adult survivors of traumatic stress. These include approaches to therapy that stem from more classic traditions in psychology, such as psychoanalysis, to more modern approaches including those informed by feminist thought.

The Group Analytic Model.

Drawing upon psychoanalysis, sociology, and group dynamics, the basic clinical model of group analysis was first described by Foulkes (1948, 1964) and Foulkes and Anthony (1964): Four men and four women, plus the conductor, sit around a small table and engage in free-floating conversation for a 90-minute session once a week. Groups might meet more often and be supplemented by combined or conjoint therapy (Maratos, 2000). All group members actively engage in treatment processes, but the conductor is responsible for monitoring and maintaining the boundaries of the group and facilitating the processes of clarification, translation, and interpretation.

Utility of a child abuse screening guideline in an urban pediatric emergency department.

Background: Previous studies have found racial and socioeconomic status bias in the way clinicians screen for and detect child abuse in patients presenting to the emergency department. We hypothesized that implementing a guideline for screening would attenuate this bias.

Methods: An algorithm for child abuse screening in patients younger than 1 year presenting with fractures was developed for a pediatric trauma center emergency department.

Profiles of distress in sheltered battered women: implications for intervention.

Heterogeneity in patterns of distress and psychological functioning was investigated using a person-oriented approach to data analysis in two diverse samples of battered women in shelters. In order to provide some empirically derived guidance to clinicians, scores on measures of depressive symptoms as well as state and trait anxiety were cluster analyzed. A four-cluster solution provided the best fit for both samples of women, and despite the demographic differences in the women, generally similar clusters were found in both samples.

Hydrogen/deuterium exchange- and protease digestion-based screening assay for protein-ligand binding detection.

A protease digestion strategy was incorporated into single-point stability of unpurified proteins from rates of H/D exchange (SUPREX), which is a hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange- and mass spectrometry-based assay for the detection of protein-ligand binding. Single-point SUPREX is an abbreviated form of SUPREX in which protein-ligand binding interactions are detected by measuring the increase in a protein's thermodynamic stability upon ligand binding. The new protease digestion protocol provides a noteworthy increase in the efficiency of single-point SUPREX because peptide masses can be determined with greater precision than intact protein masses in the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) readout of single-point SUPREX.