Terahertz Spin-Conductance Spectroscopy: Probing Coherent and Incoherent Ultrafast Spin Tunneling.

Thin-film stacks | consisting of a ferromagnetic-metal layer and a heavy-metal layer are spintronic model systems. Here, we present a method to measure the ultrabroadband spin conductance across a layer between and at terahertz frequencies, which are the natural frequencies of spin-transport dynamics. We apply our approach to MgO tunneling barriers with thickness = 0-6 Å.

Accessing Ultrafast Spin-Transport Dynamics in Copper Using Broadband Terahertz Spectroscopy.

We study the spatiotemporal dynamics of ultrafast electron spin transport across nanometer-thick copper layers using ultrabroadband terahertz emission spectroscopy. Our analysis of temporal delays, broadening, and attenuation of the spin-current pulse reveals ballisticlike propagation of the pulse peak, approaching the Fermi velocity, and diffusive features including a significant velocity dispersion. A comparison to the frequency-dependent Fick's law identifies the diffusion-dominated transport regime for distances >2  nm.

Content validation using Aiken methodology through expert judgment of the first Spanish version of the Eppendorf Schizophrenia Inventory (ESI) in Peru: A brief qualitative report.

Background: The main objective of this study was the validation through the expert judgment of the first Spanish version of the Eppendorf Schizophrenia Inventory (ESI-Sp).

Materials And Methods: A translation and cultural adaptation procedure as a first stage was carried out, which was evaluated by four psychiatrists with clinical experience. In a second stage, we recruited a group of clinical psychiatrists to evaluate the translated instrument by judging the items' clarity and relevance.

The role of dominance in sibling relationships: differences in interactive cooperative and competitive behavior.

Siblings strongly influence each other in their social development and are a major source of support and conflict. Yet, studies are mostly observational, and little is known about how adult sibling relationships influence social behavior. Previous tasks exploring dynamically adjusting social interactions have limitations in the level of interactivity and naturalism of the interaction.

Atomic Scale Control of Spin Current Transmission at Interfaces.

Ferromagnet/heavy metal bilayers represent a central building block for spintronic devices where the magnetization of the ferromagnet can be controlled by spin currents generated in the heavy metal. The efficiency of spin current generation is paramount. Equally important is the efficient transfer of this spin current across the ferromagnet/heavy metal interface.

A Long-Term Study to Evaluate Acidic Skin Care Treatment in Nursing Home Residents: Impact on Epidermal Barrier Function and Microflora in Aged Skin.

Background: The pH of the stratum corneum (SC) in the elderly is elevated and linked to impaired SC function. Therefore, this paper addresses the question of whether acidic skin care generates positive clinical, biophysical, and microbiological effects in aged skin.

Methods: This study was performed to assess skin care effects in nursing home residents (aged 80-97 years).

[Stroke units in Chile].

Stroke is a major public health problem in Chile, with an incidence similar to that of many industrialized nations, it accounts for 10% of all deaths and ranks 5th in number of healthy years of life lost to a disease. Organized inpatient care for stroke patients has been shown in systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials to be effective in preventing death, disability and institutional care, without increasing length of stay compared to usual care. Organized stroke unit care is provided by multidisciplinary teams that exclusively manage stroke patients in a dedicated ward (stroke ward) of which there are various possible models; acute stroke units which accept patients acutely but discharge early (usually within 7 days).

Roentgenographic investigation of frequency and degree of canal curvatures in human permanent teeth.

Canal curvatures of 700 permanent human teeth were determined by measuring the angle and the radius of the curvatures and the length of the curved part of the canal. For each type of tooth (except third molars) 50 were selected at random and were investigated. Size 08 silver points were inserted into the canals, and the teeth were radiographed from a facial and proximal view by using a standardized technique.

Does epinephrine improve the diagnostic accuracy of aspiration during labor epidural analgesia?

Unlabelled: Aspiration reliably detects almost all IV multiorifice epidural catheters. Although a supplemental epinephrine 15-microg test dose may detect the rare IV catheter that does not yield blood on aspiration, false-positive epinephrine responses may cause some women to unnecessarily undergo repeat epidural catheter insertion. We evaluated 532 consecutive eligible patients requesting neuraxial labor analgesia.

Labor epidural analgesia without an intravascular "test dose".

Background: This study prospectively evaluated the ability of aspiration to detect intravascular placement of multiple-orifice epidural catheters.

Methods: Multiple-orifice, 20-gauge epidural catheters were inserted in 1,029 laboring women. Catheters were observed and aspirated for blood or cerebrospinal fluid before they were tested with 2 ml local anesthetic.

Properties of endodontic hand instruments used in rotary motion. Part 3. Resistance to bending and fracture.

Bending and torsional properties of 24 different types of nickel-titanium K-files, titanium-aluminium K-files and reamers, conventional stainless steel K-files and reamers, and flexible stainless steel instruments were investigated corresponding to ISO 3630-1 by determination of the bending moment on the one hand and the torque and angular deflection on the other. Numbers 15, 25, and 35 instruments were tested with a sample size of 10 instruments for each type and size. In ascending order of bending moment the instruments ranked: nickel-titanium K-files, titanium-aluminium K-files and reamers, flexible stainless steel instruments, conventional stainless steel K-files, and reamers.

Properties of endodontic hand instruments used in rotary motion. Part 2. Instrumentation of curved canals.

The shaping abilities of nickel-titanium K-files, stainless steel reamers, K-files, and flexible stainless steel instruments with conventional cutting tips and with modified noncutting tips were investigated under standardized conditions using a computer-driven testing device simulating the clinical use of the instruments. Simulated root canals with a 42-degree curvature were sequentially enlarged from #15 to #35. Undesirable changes in the canal shape as a result of instrumentation occurred in all cases.

Properties of endodontic hand instruments used in rotary motion. Part 1. Cutting efficiency.

Cutting efficiency of 24 different types of endodontic hand instruments, which are primarily designed for a rotary (reaming) working action, was investigated under standardized conditions. With a computer-driven testing device, resin specimens with simulated cylindrical canals were instrumented using a defined working motion simulating the clinical use of the instruments. Maximum penetration depth was the criterion for cutting efficiency.

Root canal instruments for manual use: cutting efficiency and instrumentation of curved canals.

The cutting efficiency of different endodontic hand instruments and the effects of instrumentation on curved canal shape were investigated under standardized experimental conditions using an automatic testing device. Cutting efficiency in rotary motion was assessed by determination of the maximum penetration depth of the instruments into a cylindrical canal in a special resin block (size 25 and size 35 instruments). Changes in canal shape were determined by instrumentation of standardized canals (42 degrees curvature) incrementally from size 15 to size 35.

Reaction of inflamed periapical tissue to intracanal medicaments and root canal sealers.

The effects of different intracanal medicaments and zinc oxide-eugenol based root canal sealers on an experimentally induced apical periodontitis were studied histologically in mesial roots of lower molars of Wistar rats. After root canal instrumentation each canal was filled either with an intracanal medicament twice for 3 days each time or with a sealer for 21 days. The intracanal medicament chlorophenol caused periapical tissue damage.

Organophosphate sensitive and insensitive carboxylesterases in human skin.

The influence of paraoxon and bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP) on carboxylesterases of human skin is assayed. Both organophosphates have frequently been used as inhibitors of carboxylesterases of the B-esterase type. Homogenates from carefully washed skin have no paraoxon-cleaving activity and very little phosphodiesterase activity with BNPP.

[Solubility of enamel and synthetic hydroxylapatite on irradiation].

The effect of Co 60-irradiation (70 Gy) on pulverized human enamel and synthetic hydroxyapatite was studied in vitro. Irradiated and non-irradiated samples were experimentally demineralized (pH 5.1) during a period of 28 days.

[Study of properties of electrical root canal length measuring instruments].

Six electrical instruments for locating the apex during endodontic treatment were tested in a laboratory investigation about currency, frequency and scale. Further we looked, whether all instruments show coincidence in the apex point. There are great differences in currency, frequency and scale (apex point).

[Ultrastructural findings of the muscles around lip clefts].

Our electron microscopic observations show alterations of the muscles near the cleft margins confirming the theory resulting from light microscopic and immunohistochemical findings that the myogenic structures surrounding cleft margins are inferior tissue that is capable neither of regeneration nor of normal function. The clinical implication derived from these observations is that the tissue in the vicinity of the clefts should be generously excised when doing cheiloplasties.

[Auxiliary MR spectroscopy of blood plasma in the diagnosis of malignant head and neck tumors].

Magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy of an EDTA or citrate plasma sample (also referred to as "Fossel test" after Fossel, who first described it) started out as a promising method for fast and simple diagnosis of malignancies. Although the results of our own studies of the head and neck area confirm this tendency, we believe--and so do meanwhile also other investigators--that the clinical use of this test in its present form is not feasible because of lacking specificity.