Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances exercise capacity in WHO Group 3 pulmonary hypertension: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised crossover study (EDEN-OX2).

Dietary nitrate supplementation, which improves skeletal muscle oxygen utilisation, vascular endothelial function and exercise capacity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, may benefit other lung conditions. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, in 19 adults with Group 3 pulmonary hypertension who desaturated during exercise, 140 mL of nitrate-rich beetroot juice improved endurance shuttle walk time compared with nitrate-depleted beetroot juice placebo (median (IQR) ESWT NR-BRJ 197 (140-273) s vs PL-BRJ 174 (107-229) s; median difference (MD) (95% CI) 30 (6.19 to 91.

Compression ratio: a novel method to quantify compressibility as a diagnostic measurement in giant cell arteritis.

Objectives: Ultrasonographic assessment of giant cell arteritis (GCA) relies on the demonstration of a non-compressible halo. Several ultrasonographic methods have been developed to quantify arterial wall thickness, however arterial compressibility has not been quantified. This study presents a possible solution for quantifying compressibility to assist in diagnosing GCA.

Estimating Young Adult Uptake of Smoking by Area Across the United Kingdom.

Introduction: There is majority support in parliament and across the United Kingdom to implement a "smoke-free generation" policy which would mean people born on or after January 1, 2009, could never legally be sold tobacco. To explore the potential impact this policy could have, we estimated the number of young adults (18-25 years) currently taking up smoking each year by area across the United Kingdom.

Methods: Using data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS), Annual Population Survey (APS), and Smoking Toolkit Study (STS), we estimated the total number of 18- to 25-year-olds taking up smoking each year, based on national estimates of population size (ONS) and the proportion who reported ever having regularly smoked (STS).

Pulmonary rehabilitation in Iranian outpatients with mustard gas lung disease: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: People with mustard gas lung disease experience cough, sputum, breathlessness and exercise limitation. We hypothesised that pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) would be beneficial in this condition.

Design: An assessor-blind, two-armed, parallel-design randomised controlled clinical trial.

Association of time spent on social media with youth cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use in the UK: a national longitudinal study.

Background: Social media may influence children and young people's health behaviour, including cigarette and e-cigarette use.

Methods: We analysed data from participants aged 10-25 years in the UK Household Longitudinal Study 2015-2021. The amount of social media use reported on a normal weekday was related to current cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use.

Singing for lung health in COPD: a multicentre randomised controlled trial of online delivery.

Background: Singing for lung health (SLH) is an arts-based breathing control and movement intervention for people with long-term respiratory conditions, intended to improve symptoms and quality of life. Online, remotely delivered programmes might improve accessibility; however, no previous studies have assessed the effectiveness of this approach.

Methods: We conducted an assessor-blind randomised controlled trial comparing the impact of 12 weeks of once-weekly online SLH sessions against usual care on health-related quality of life, assessed using the RAND 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) Mental Health Composite (MHC) and Physical Health Composite (PHC) scores.

Impact of omitting annual reviews for COPD on patient reported care quality- outcomes from the Asthma+Lung COPD patient passport.

Background: Regular clinical reviews of people with COPD provide an opportunity to optimise management and are recommended in national and international guidelines. However, there are limited data about the relationship between having an annual review and other aspects of care quality, which might influence decision-making by healthcare professionals and commissioners.

Method: Using data from 74 827 people with COPD completing the Asthma+Lung UK COPD Patient Passport, between 2014 and 2022, we conducted adjusted logistic regression (adjusting for year) and compared receipt of key items of care between those reporting that they had had an annual review (65.

The IMPROVE trial: study protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of using lay health workers to improve uptake and completion of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a programme of exercise and education and the most effective treatment for the symptoms and disability associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the benefits of PR are limited by poor uptake and completion. This trial will determine whether using trained volunteer lay health workers, called "PR buddies," improves uptake and completion of PR and is cost-effective.

Real-world walking cadence in people with COPD.

Introduction: The clinical validity of real-world walking cadence in people with COPD is unsettled. Our objective was to assess the levels, variability and association with clinically relevant COPD characteristics and outcomes of real-world walking cadence.

Methods: We assessed walking cadence (steps per minute during walking bouts longer than 10 s) from 7 days' accelerometer data in 593 individuals with COPD from five European countries, and clinical and functional characteristics from validated questionnaires and standardised tests.

Survival following lung volume reduction procedures: results from the UK Lung Volume Reduction (UKLVR) registry.

Introduction: Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) and endobronchial valve (EBV) placement can produce substantial benefits in appropriately selected people with emphysema. The UK Lung Volume Reduction (UKLVR) registry is a national multicentre observational study set up to support quality standards and assess outcomes from LVR procedures at specialist centres across the UK.

Methods: Data were analysed for all patients undergoing an LVR procedure (LVRS/EBV) who were recruited into the study at participating centres between January 2017 and June 2022, including; disease severity and risk assessment, compliance with guidelines for selection, procedural complications and survival to February 2023.

Lung Disease and Social Justice: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as a Manifestation of Structural Violence.

Lung health, the development of lung disease, and how well a person with lung disease is able to live all depend on a wide range of societal factors. These systemic factors that adversely affect people and cause injustice can be thought of as "structural violence." To make the causal processes relating to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) more apparent, and the responsibility to interrupt or alleviate them clearer, we have developed a taxonomy to describe this.

Use of infection control measures in people with chronic lung disease: mixed methods study.

Background: The introduction of community infection control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a reduction in acute exacerbations of lung disease. We aimed to understand the acceptability of continued use of infection control measures among people with chronic lung disease and to understand the barriers and facilitators of use.

Methods: Australian adults with chronic lung disease were invited to an online survey (last quarter of 2021) to specify infection control measures they would continue themselves post-pandemic and those they perceived should be adopted by the community.