Parallel gain modulation mechanisms set the resolution of color selectivity in human visual cortex.

Color discrimination is fundamental to human behavior. We find bananas by coarsely searching for yellow but then differentiate nuances of yellow to pick the best exemplars. How does the brain adjust the resolution of color selectivity to our changing needs? Here, we analyze the brain magnetic response in the human visual cortex to show that color selectivity is adaptively set by coarse- and fine-resolving processes running in parallel at different hierarchical levels.

Location- and Object-Based Representational Mechanisms Account for Bilateral Field Advantage in Multiple-Object Tracking.

Keeping track of multiple visually identical and independently moving objects is a remarkable feature of the human visual system. Theoretical accounts for this ability focus on resource-based models that describe parametric decreases of performance with increasing demands during the task (i.e.

Antimicrobial peptide-conjugated phage-mimicking nanoparticles exhibit potent bactericidal action against in murine wound infection models.

is a causative agent for strep throat, impetigo, and more invasive diseases. The main reason for the treatment failure of streptococcal infections is increased antibiotic resistance. In recent years, infectious diseases caused by pyogenic streptococci resistant to multiple antibiotics have been rising with a significant impact on public health and the veterinary industry.

Serial attentional resource allocation during parallel feature value tracking.

The visual system has evolved the ability to track features like color and orientation in parallel. This property aligns with the specialization of processing these feature dimensions in the visual cortex. But what if we ask to track changing feature-values within the same feature dimension? Parallel tracking would then have to share the same cortical representation, which would set strong limitations on tracking performance.

A cortical zoom-in operation underlies covert shifts of visual spatial attention.

Shifting the focus of attention without moving the eyes poses challenges for signal coding in visual cortex in terms of spatial resolution, signal routing, and cross-talk. Little is known how these problems are solved during focus shifts. Here, we analyze the spatiotemporal dynamic of neuromagnetic activity in human visual cortex as a function of the size and number of focus shifts in visual search.

Biocompatible, Multi-Mode, Fluorescent, MRI Contrast Magnetoelectric-Silica Nanoparticles (MagSiNs), for On-Demand Doxorubicin Delivery to Metastatic Cancer Cells.

There is a need to improve current cancer treatment regimens to reduce systemic toxicity, to positively impact the quality-of-life post-treatment. We hypothesized the negation of off-target toxicity of anthracyclines (e.g.

No-take marine protected areas enhance the benefits of kelp-forest restoration for fish but not fisheries.

Kelp habitat restoration is gaining traction as a management action to support recovery in areas affected by severe disturbances, thereby ensuring the sustainability of ecosystem services. Knowing when and where to restore is a major question. Using a single-species population model, we consider how restoring inside marine protected areas (MPAs) might benefit coastal fish populations and fisheries.

Epilepsy Surgery in Extratemporal vs Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Changes in Surgical Volumes and Seizure Outcome Between 1990 and 2017.

Background And Objectives: Seizure outcome after extratemporal lobe epilepsy (exTLE) surgery has often been poorer than after temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery, but recent improvements in diagnostics and surgery may have changed this. Our aim was to analyze the changes in presurgical and surgical volumes and seizure outcome 2 years after surgery for patients with exTLE compared with those with TLE.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, single-center cohort study including patients from the Bethel presurgical-surgical-postsurgical database from 1990 to 2017.

[Atypical femoral fracture : Pitfalls in surgical treatment].

Atypical femoral fractures are a very rare complication after treatment with bisphosphonates. This case report describes the diagnostic criteria and some particularities of the surgical treatment. Atypical femoral fractures are typically stabilized with intramedullary nails but some pitfalls in surgical treatment, e.

[Minimally invasive stabilization of fragility fractures of the pelvis with transsacral bar and retrograde transpubic screw].

Objective: Stabilization of fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP) using a minimally invasive technique. Insertion of a transsacral rod into the transsacral corridor of S1. Insertion of a retrograde transpubic screw through the superior branch of the pubic bone.

Prospective assessment of key factors influencing treatment strategy and outcome of fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP).

Background: Fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP) are a clinical entity with an increasing significance in clinical practice. Little is known about the conditions, which influence decision making and outcome.

Setting: Level I trauma center.

Electrophysiological hallmarks of location-based and object-based visual multiple objects tracking.

Converging evidence shows that our visual system can track multiple visual, independently moving items over time. This is accomplished location-based by maintaining the individual spatial information of each target item or object-based by constructing an abstract object-based representation out of the tracked items. Previous work showed specific behavioural, electrophysiological and haemodynamic markers for location-based or object-based representations of the relevant targets by probing the encoded information subsequently after tracking.

Recruitment variability and sampling design interact to influence the detectability of protected area effects.

Correctly identifying the effects of a human impact on a system is a persistent challenge in ecology, driven partly by the variable nature of natural systems. This is particularly true in many marine fishery species, which frequently experience large temporal fluctuations in recruitment that produce interannual variations in populations. This variability complicates efforts to maintain stocks at management targets or detect the effects of rebuilding efforts.

Development and Validation of Prediction Models for Developmental and Intellectual Outcome Following Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery.

Background And Objectives: To identify predictors of postoperative intelligence and developmental quotients (IQ/DQ) and develop and validate clinically applicable IQ/DQ prediction models.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed neuropsychological outcomes and their possible determinants for children treated in Bethel and Utrecht since 1990. We performed separate analyses for patients with IQ and those with only DQ available.

Identification of Genetic Predispositions Related to Ionizing Radiation in Primary Human Skin Fibroblasts From Survivors of Childhood and Second Primary Cancer as Well as Cancer-Free Controls: Protocol for the Nested Case-Control Study KiKme.

Background: Therapy for a first primary neoplasm (FPN) in childhood with high doses of ionizing radiation is an established risk factor for second primary neoplasms (SPN). An association between exposure to low doses and childhood cancer is also suggested; however, results are inconsistent. As only subgroups of children with FPNs develop SPNs, an interaction between radiation, genetic, and other risk factors is presumed to influence cancer development.

Refining of Precious Metal Bearing Materials from Secondary Sources-Methanesulfonic Acid Leaching of Raw Silver Granules as a Promising Approach towards a Green Way of Silver Refining.

The state-of-the-art technology of raw silver refining in a silver nitrate-based electrorefining process (Moebius-electrolysis) is accompanied by several disadvantages, both from a technological and from an ecological point of view. In addition, increasing concentrations of critical impurities from secondary sources, like palladium, in raw silver are a further challenge for the future of silver refining. Thus, there is strong motivation for the development of an adequate, alternative process of raw silver refining to substitute the existing Moebius-electrolysis.

A direct neural measure of variable precision representations in visual working memory.

Visual working memory (VWM) is an active representation enabling the manipulation of item information even in the absence of visual input. A common way to investigate VWM is to analyze the performance at later recall. This approach, however, leaves uncertainties about whether the variation of recall performance is attributable to item encoding and maintenance or to the testing of memorized information.

Reading and the visual word form area (VWFA) - Management and clinical experience at one epilepsy surgery center.

Objective: Presurgical evaluation has no established routine to assess reading competence and to identify essential "not to resect" reading areas. Functional models describe a visual word form area (VWFA) located in the midfusiform gyrus in the dominant ventral occipito-temporal cortex (vOTC) as essential for reading. We demonstrate the relevance and feasibility of invasive VWFA-mapping.

Anatomical evaluation of the transpubic screw corridor based on a 3D statistical model of the pelvic ring.

Retrograde transpubic screw fixation is a common procedure for the treatment of anterior pelvic ring fractures. With its sparing surgical approach and significant pain relief after screw fixations allowing early mobilisation, it has gained importance especially in the treatment of insufficiency fractures in elderly patients. However, positioning of transpubic screw osteosynthesis is not always possible due to narrowness and curvature of the screw corridor.

Attention expedites target selection by prioritizing the neural processing of distractor features.

Whether doing the shopping, or driving the car - to navigate daily life, our brain has to rapidly identify relevant color signals among distracting ones. Despite a wealth of research, how color attention is dynamically adjusted is little understood. Previous studies suggest that the speed of feature attention depends on the time it takes to enhance the neural gain of cortical units tuned to the attended feature.

Effects of a specialized inpatient treatment program on epilepsy-related impairments of patients with epilepsy and intellectual disability as rated by relatives and professional caregivers.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the impact of a comprehensive inpatient treatment program for persons with epilepsy and intellectual disability (ID) on the concerns of relatives and caregivers, quality of life (QoL), and global health and clinical aspects, assessed by a questionnaire for relatives and caregivers.

Methods: We performed an open, controlled pre/post study in inpatients with epilepsy and ID or acquired brain damage treated for at least 14 days in a tertiary referral center for epilepsy. Questionnaires were administered to relatives/professional caregivers shortly before admission and 6 months after discharge for the treatment group (TG).

Medial buttressing of the quadrilateral surface in acetabular and periprosthetic acetabular fractures.

Background: In geriatric acetabular fractures, the quadrilateral plate is often involved in the fracture pattern and medially displaced. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) includes reduction of the quadrilateral plate and securing its position. In this study, the concept of medial buttressing in acute and periprosthetic acetabular fractures is evaluated.

Parallel fast and slow recurrent cortical processing mediates target and distractor selection in visual search.

Visual search has been commonly used to study the neural correlates of attentional allocation in space. Recent electrophysiological research has disentangled distractor processing from target processing, showing that these mechanisms appear to operate in parallel and show electric fields of opposite polarity. Nevertheless, the localization and exact nature of this activity is unknown.

Nailing vs. plating in comminuted proximal ulna fractures - a biomechanical analysis.

Background: Comminuted proximal ulna fractures are severe injuries with a high degree of instability. These injuries require surgical treatment, usually angular stable plating or double plating is performed. Nailing of proximal ulna fracture is described but not performed regularly.