Commutability assessment of new standard reference materials (SRMs) for determining serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D using ligand binding and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays.

Commutability is where the measurement response for a reference material (RM) is the same as for an individual patient sample with the same concentration of analyte measured using two or more measurement systems. Assessment of commutability is essential when the RM is used in a calibration hierarchy or to ensure that clinical measurements are comparable across different measurement procedures and at different times. The commutability of three new Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) for determining serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], defined as the sum of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], was assessed through an interlaboratory study.

Concentrations and predictors of select nutrients in Canadian human milk samples from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals pregnancy cohort.

Background: Human milk (HM) composition data are widely used in clinical, regulatory, and public health initiatives. The existing HM profiles in United States and Canadian nutrient databanks are outdated and now considered inappropriate to estimate current nutrient intakes. Recent reviews have underscored the limited North American data available to generate a new profile.

Cholesterol Interference in the Assessment of Vitamin D Status: A Canadian Health Measures Survey Biobank Project.

Background: Matrix effects are a known problem with immunoassays measuring serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D].

Objectives: To determine if the inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and serum cholesterol concentrations is a function of assay method: Diasorin Liaison 25(OH) Vitamin D Total Assay (Liaison Total Assay), an immunoassay, compared with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Methods: Canadian Health Measures Survey data and biobank serum (White males aged 20-79 y, n = 392) were evaluated for bias in serum 25(OH)D using Bland-Altman plots.

Adherence to Vitamin D Supplementation Recommendations for Breastfed Infants and Young Children: An Analysis of Canadian Community Health Survey Data Cycles From 2015 to 2018.

Background: In Canada, nutrition policy, as outlined in the Nutrition for Healthy Term Infants recommendations, includes a daily vitamin D supplement of 10 μg (400 IU) for breastfed infants and young children to support adequate vitamin D status.

Objectives: This study aimed to report on adherence to vitamin D supplementation recommendations for breastfed infants (≤12 months); and for children breastfed >12 mo.

Methods: Canadian Community Health Survey (paired-cycles 2015/2016 and 2017/2018) maternal experiences data for infants born 2012-2018 who received any breastmilk formed the sample (n = 7079).

A phase II dose evaluation pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial of cholecalciferol in critically ill children with vitamin D deficiency (VITdAL-PICU study).

Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is highly prevalent in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) and associated with worse clinical course. Trials in adult ICU demonstrate rapid restoration of vitamin D status using an enteral loading dose is safe and may improve outcomes. There have been no published trials of rapid normalization of VDD in the pediatric ICU.

Parathyroid hormone-vitamin D dynamics vary according to the definition of vitamin D deficiency in newborn infants.

Background: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an indirect functional indicator of vitamin D status. Risk of vitamin D deficiency, assessed using circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), is defined as <30 nmol/L by the National Academy of Medicine and alternatively <25 nmol/L in the global consensus recommendation on prevention and management of nutritional rickets.

Objective: To test PTH concentrations and the odds for elevated values according to vitamin D deficiency cut-points (<30 nmol/L, or <25 nmol/L) in newborn infants.

Evaluation of Increasing Dairy Intake on Bone Density in Postpubertal Youth: A Randomized Controlled Trial Using Motivational Interviewing.

Background: Adequate nutrition is important for bone health, especially for bone mineral accretion.

Objectives: The primary objective tested whether increasing dairy intake using the motivational interviewing technique (MInt) improves lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) after 2 y in postpubertal adolescents with habitual dairy intake of <2 dairy servings/d.

Methods: Participants (aged 14-18.

Population Iron Status in Canada: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2012-2019.

Background: In Canada, population iron status estimates are dated (2009-2011) and did not consider the presence of inflammation.

Objectives: This study aimed to update iron status estimates in Canada using serum ferrin (SF) and evaluate different correction methods for inflammation based on c-reactive protein (CRP).

Methods: Data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey cycles 3-6 (2012-2019) formed a multiyear, cross-sectional, nationally representative sample (3-79 y) (n = 21,453).

Vitamin D Status of People 3 to 79 Years of Age from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2012-2019.

Background: Vitamin D is recognized in bone health and the prevention of rickets and osteomalacia.

Objective: This study aimed to assess vitamin D status of people in Canada and to identify factors associated with vitamin D inadequacy and deficiency.

Methods: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (cycles 3-6, n = 21,770, 3-79 y) were evaluated for geometric means and proportions <40 (inadequate) and <30 (risk of deficiency) nmol/L.

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Mass in Infants With 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Less Than 50 nmol/L: A Prespecified Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The dose of supplemental vitamin D needed in infants born with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations less than 50 nmol/L (ie, 20 ng/mL) is unclear.

Objective: To determine whether a higher dose (1000 IU vs 400 IU per day) is required in infants born with 25(OH)D concentrations less than 50 nmol/L for bone mineral accretion across infancy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this prespecified secondary analysis of a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, conducted from March 2016 to March 2019 in a single center in Greater Montreal, Quebec, Canada, a consecutive sample of 139 healthy term singletons were recruited from 866 infants screened for vitamin D status at birth.

Vitamin D Status of Infants of Mothers with Gestational Diabetes: Status at Birth and a Randomized Controlled Trial of Vitamin D Supplementation across Infancy.

Background: Vitamin D status and requirements of infants of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are unclear.

Objectives: The objectives were to assess vitamin D status in infants of mothers with GDM and compare vitamin D status in response to 400 vs. 1000 IU/d vitamin D supplementation in infants born with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] <50 nmol/L.

Perspective: Human Milk Composition and Related Data for National Health and Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research.

National health and nutrition monitoring is an important federal effort in the United States and Canada, and the basis for many of their nutrition and health policies. Understanding of child exposures through human milk (HM) remains out of reach due to lack of current and representative data on HM's composition and intake volume. This article provides an overview of the current national health and nutrition monitoring activities for HM-fed children, HM composition (HMC) and volume data used for exposure assessment, categories of potential measures in HM, and associated variability factors.

SMART goals of children of 6-12 years enrolled in a family-centred lifestyle intervention for childhood obesity: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

This study demonstrates how SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Timely) goals set by children in a lifestyle intervention contributed favorably to weight outcomes. Children (6-12 years) set goals with a registered dietitian over six months. Goals were classified according to their type (diet or activity), direction, (increase healthy or decrease unhealthy), and theoretical constructs.

Associations between Body Composition and Vitamin D Status in Children with Overweight and Obesity Participating in a 1-Year Lifestyle Intervention.

Background: To examine associations between body composition and vitamin D status in children participating in a lifestyle intervention. Methods: Children (6−12 y, n = 101) with a body mass index (BMI)-for-age >85th percentile were randomized to six dietitian-led behavior counselling sessions or no intervention. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), anthropometry, and body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were assessed every 3 months for 1 year.

Vitamin D supplementation and gross motor development: A 3-year follow-up of a randomized trial.

Background: Vitamin D status during pregnancy, early childhood and season-at-birth are implicated in gross motor development (GMD).

Aim: To test whether vitamin D intake in infancy and season-at-birth affect GMD in early childhood.

Study Design: 3-year follow up study of a single-center trial.

Correction of neonatal vitamin D status using 1000 IU vitamin D/d increased lean body mass by 12 months of age compared with 400 IU/d: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Intrauterine exposure to maternal vitamin D status <50 nmol/L of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] may adversely affect infant body composition. Whether postnatal interventions can reprogram for a leaner body phenotype is unknown.

Objectives: The primary objective was to test whether 1000 IU/d of supplemental vitamin D (compared with 400 IU/d) improves lean mass in infants born with serum 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L.

Changes in Adiposity without Impacting Bone Health in Nine- to Twelve-Year-Old Children with Overweight and Obesity after a One-Year Family-Centered Lifestyle Behavior Intervention.

Few family-centered lifestyle interventions (FCLIs) for children with overweight or obesity (OW/OB) have assessed regional adiposity and bone health. This study assessed changes in adiposity in 9- to 12-year olds with OW/OB in a 1-year FCLI. Children were randomized to FCLI (six registered dietitian-led sessions) or no intervention (Control, CTRL).

Blood metals and vitamin D status in a pregnancy cohort: A bidirectional biomarker analysis.

Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), a biomarker of vitamin D status, is associated with reduced immune function and adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth. Observational studies indicate that long-term, high level exposure to metals such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) can impact a person's vitamin D status. However, the directionality of the association is uncertain, particularly for low-level exposures.

Iodine Status of Mother-Infant Dyads from Montréal, Canada: Secondary Analyses of a Vitamin D Supplementation Trial in Breastfed Infants.

Background: Most pregnant or lactating women in Canada will not meet iodine requirements without iodine supplementation.

Objectives: To assess the iodine status of 132 mother-infant pairs based on secondary analyses of a vitamin D supplementation trial in breastfed infants from Montréal, Canada.

Methods: Maternal iodine status was assessed using the breastmilk iodine concentration (BMIC).

Maternal excess adiposity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L are associated with elevated whole body fat mass in healthy breastfed neonates.

Background: Vitamin D status of pregnant women is associated with body composition of the offspring. The objective of this study was to assess whether the association between maternal vitamin D status and neonatal adiposity is modified by maternal adiposity preconception.

Methods: Healthy mothers and their term appropriate weight for gestational age (AGA) infants (n = 142; 59% male, Greater Montreal, March 2016-2019) were studied at birth and 1 month postpartum (2-6 weeks).

Evaluation of Increasing Dairy Intake on Bone Density in Postpubertal Youth: A Randomized Controlled Trial Using Motivational Interviewing.

Background: Adequate nutrition is important for bone health, especially for bone mineral accretion.

Objectives: The primary objective tested whether increasing dairy intake using the motivational interviewing technique (MInt) improves lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) after 2 y in postpubertal adolescents with habitual dairy intake of <2 dairy servings/d.

Methods: Participants (aged 14-18.

Maternal Vitamin D Status and Gestational Weight Gain as Correlates of Neonatal Bone Mass in Healthy Term Breastfed Young Infants from Montreal, Canada.

The implications of maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) and vitamin D status to neonatal bone health are unclear. We tested whether maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and GWG relate to neonatal bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD). Healthy term appropriate for gestational age breastfed neonates ( = 142) and their mothers were recruited 24-36 h after delivery and followed at 1.