Echogenic intracardiac foci detection and location in the second-trimester ultrasound and association with fetal outcomes: A systematic literature review.

Background: Echogenic Intracardiac Foci (EIF) are non-structural markers identified during the routine 18-20-week foetal anomaly ultrasound scan yet their clinical significance on future outcomes for the infant is unclear.

Objective: To examine the association between EIF and risk of preterm birth, chromosomal abnormalities, and cardiac abnormalities.

Design: A review across four databases to identify English language journal articles of EIF using a cohort study design.

Breastfeeding initiation and duration through the COVID-19 pandemic, a linked population-level routine data study: the Born in Wales Cohort 2018-2021.

Objectives: The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life. This study aimed to examine the impact the pandemic had on breastfeeding uptake and duration, and whether intention to breastfeed is associated with longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding.

Methods: A cohort study using routinely collected, linked healthcare data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage databank.