Parent and child experiences using a hydrophilic or reused PVC catheter for intermittent catheterisation.

Aims And Objectives: To highlight the challenges faced in adjusting to intermittent catheterisation for families and children affected by spina bifida.

Background: Toileting is a particular issue for children with spina bifida resulting in difficulty emptying their bladder. Management of incomplete emptying is intermittent catheterisation, which is now part of routine clinical care.

Falls risk reduction and treatment of overactive bladder symptoms with antimuscarinic agents: a scoping review.

Aims: Overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms are associated with falls and fractures in older adults and treatment with antimuscarinic agents may decrease this falls risk. Bladder-specific antimuscarinic agents may also adversely affect falls risk because of drug-related cognitive impairment. Thus, a tension between effective treatment, falls risk reduction, and increased falls risk is created.