Characteristics of Metal-Metal Nano-Area Contact Resistance for Less Than 5 nm Technology Node.

Recently, better understanding of nano-area is required for 5 nm or less technology node. In particular, the high contact resistance generated in a nano-area significantly degrades the device performance. In this study, we propose a direct contact resistance measurement method without a test structure by separate processes to improve the nano-area contact resistance.

Glucose Sensing Materials Based on Carbon Nanotubes for Electrochemical Sensing.

There is an urgent need for methods for detecting environmental pollution quickly and accurately. With the development of nanotechnology, a huge potential has been created for the design of highly sensitive sensors with low energy consumption and low costs. If a composite material constructed with carbon nanotubes is used as an electrode in contact with a contaminant, this material undergoes an oxidation-reduction reaction with the contaminant that allows the electrode to function as an electrochemical sensor.

PU-Graphene Oxide Composite; Effect of Various Chain Extender on Properties.

High integration of electronic chip not only improved the electronic device’s efficiency, but also left the need to stop emitting heat. Thermal interface material (TIM) has been proposed to solve this problem. Traditionally, a large amount of high thermal conductive materials (such as Cu, Al or AlN) was added for better thermal conductivity, which caused undesirable weight-increasing and property-sacrificing.

Preparation of Graphene Encapsulated Silicon Nanoball.

Concerning application of graphene, a lot of efforts have been made to improve performance of nanomaterials in many fields, such as electric and electronic devices. Some examples are preparation of 3-dimension structured nanomaterials like nanoballs by CVD process and hybridizing with silicon. These graphene-based materials are proven to be available for secondary battery, EMI and ACF in electronics.

Strain Sensing Characteristics of Rubbery Carbon Nanotube Composite for Flexible Sensors.

In this study, the piezoresistive properties of CNT (Carbon Nanotube)/EPDM composite are characterized for the applications of a flexible sensor. The CNT/EPDM composites were prepared by using a Brabender mixer with MWCNT (Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube) and organoclay. The static and quasi-dynamic voltage output responses of the composite sensor were also experimentally studied and were compared with those of a conventional foil strain gage.

Electrical impedance properties of carbon nanotube composite electrodes for chemical and biosensor.

Electrical impedance properties of different type of carbon nanotubes based bulk electrodes have been investigated to develop chemical and biosensors. The bulk composite electrodes were fabricated with single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes involving ionic conducting host polymer, Nafion, by using traditional solution-casting techniques. Under the various amounts of buffer solution, resistance and capacitance of the electrodes were measured with LCR meter and their characteristics due to ionic conducting host polymer were investigated by means of electrokinetic analysis.

The Effects of TWEAK, Fn14, and TGF-beta1 on Degeneration of Human Intervertebral Disc.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explain the effect and reciprocal action among tumor necrosis factor (TNF) like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) on degeneration of human intervertebral disc (IVD).

Methods: Human intervertebral disc tissues and cells were cultured with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium/Nutrient F-12 Ham (DMEM/F-12) media in 37, 5% CO(2) incubator. When IVD tissues were cultured with TWEAK, Fn14 that is an antagonistic receptor for TWEAK and TGF-beta1, the level of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) was estimated by dimethyl methyleneblue (DMMB) assay and sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 9 (Sox9) and versican messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels were estimated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease by phlorotannins from the brown alga Ecklonia cava.

The bioassay-directed isolation of a marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava, afforded four phlorotannin derivatives, eckol (1), 8,8'-bieckol (2), 8,4"'-dieckol (3), and phlorofucofuroeckol A (4). Among these compounds, 2 and 3 exhibited an inhibitory effect on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease. Specifically, they inhibited the RT more potently than the protease.

Inhibition of HIV-1 integrase by galloyl glucoses from Terminalia chebula and flavonol glycoside gallates from Euphorbia pekinensis.

The bioassay-directed isolation of Terminalia chebula fruits afforded four human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase inhibitors, gallic acid ( 1) and three galloyl glucoses ( 2 - 4). In addition, four flavonol glycoside gallates ( 5 - 8) from Euphorbia pekinensis containing the galloyl moiety also showed the inhibitory activity at a level comparable to those of 2 - 4. By comparison with the activities of the compounds not bearing this moiety, it is proposed that the galloyl moiety plays a major role for inhibition against the 3'-processing of HIV-1 integrase of these compounds.