The Association of Smoking and SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the coronavirus family that has caused infections in humans. Iran, as one of the countries in West Asia, is facing a high prevalence of this virus. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between smoking and COVID-19 outcomes during the pandemic and sociodemographic characteristics.

Autophagy in the Cellular Consequences of Tobacco Smoking: Insights into Senescence.

Smoking is a significant contributing factor to the development of many complex diseases. One of the most important stimuli for aging in the human body is constant exposure to environmental factors such as cigarette smoke. Free radicals in cigarette smoke cause reactive oxygen species production at the cellular level and induce inflammatory responses.

Plant-Derived Antioxidants for Management of COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review of Molecular Mechanisms.

We aimed to review the literature to introduce some effective plant-derived antioxidants to prevent and treat COVID-19. Natural products from plants are excellent sources to be used for such discoveries. Among different plant-derived bioactive substances, components including luteolin, quercetin, glycyrrhizin, andrographolide, patchouli alcohol, baicalin, and baicalein were investigated for several viral infections as well as SARS-COV-2.

National Plan for Chronic Respiratory Diseases Prevention and Control in Iran.

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tuberculosis, and lung cancer are among the leading 10 causes of death worldwide. The Board of Respiratory Diseases Research Network (RDRN), a sub-committee of the Iranian Non-Communicable Diseases Committee (INCDC) is particularly concerned that there should be a coordinated National strategy to address the burden caused by chronic respiratory diseases.

Methods: Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoHME) has decided to give promotion to the establishment of research networks and use them as the milestones for research management, particularly for the national health priorities.

Effect of COPD on Health-Related Quality of Life; Results from the BOLD Study in Iran.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been the third leading cause of morbidity and the sixth leading cause of mortality in 2020. This chronic disease usually impairs health status and is an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality. The main objective of this study was to assess health-Related quality of life (HRQL) in a large sample of participants with and without COPD.

Water-pipe Smoking Addiction in Iran; Evaluation of Reliability and Validity of Lebanon Water-pipe Dependence Scale Among Iranian Water-pipe Tobacco Smokers.

Background: Water-pipe smoking is increasing around the world. However, there is no comprehensive information on nicotine addiction in water-pipe smokers. This study was carried out to translate and validate the Lebanon Water-pipe Dependence Scale- into Persian language; besides, tobacco dependence was evaluated in Iranian water-pipe smokers.

Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease in Iran: Prevalence and Risk Factors for COPD in North of Iran.

Background: Globally chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was reported as the fourth leading cause of death (5.1%) in 2004 and is projected to occupy the third position (8.6%) in 2030.

Estimating of Net Transition Probabilities in Triple Stages of Cigarette Consumption in Iranian Men.

Background: The present study was designed to estimate the net transition probabilities in triple stages of cigarette consumption in Iranian men over 15 years old.

Materials And Methods: Data from the national surveillance of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in 2011 were entered in the present study. Data of 3130 Iranian men between the ages of 15 and 69 years old were included.

Effect of passive exposure to cigarette smoke on blood pressure in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies.

Background: Hypertension is an emerging disease in children and adolescents resulting in future morbidities. Cigarette smoking is one of the most studied contributing factors in this regard; however, there are contradictory results among different studies. Therefore, the present meta-analysis tends to assess the relationship between passive exposure to cigarette smoke and blood pressure in children and adolescents.

Prevalence of Asthma and Asthma-like Symptoms: a Study in Five Provinces of Iran.

Background: Asthma is a complex chronic inflammatory airway disease affecting millions of people worldwide. The prevalence of asthma attacks in most regions of the world, including the developing countries, increases due to urbanization, industrialization, and lifestyle.

Materials And Methods: The present study aimed at investigating the prevalence of asthma and asthma symptoms in five provinces of Iran using the stratified cluster sampling method and the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire.

Burden of obstructive lung disease study in Iran: First report of the prevalence and risk factors of copd in five provinces.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health burden that affects 300 million people worldwide. Globally, COPD was reported as the fourth leading cause of death in 2004 and is projected to occupy the third position in 2030. The goal of the present project is to describe the prevalence and determine the causes and risk factors of COPD in five provinces of Iran.

Prevalence of tobacco use and associated factors in Tehran: Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study.

Background: Tobacco use is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of all common types of tobacco use and identify factors associated with tobacco use among adults in Tehran based on information from the population-based Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study in Tehran.

Materials And Methods: This study had a stratified cluster sampling strategy with proportional allocation within strata.

Evaluation of Dual Tobacco Smoking (Water Pipe and Cigarettes) and Associated Factors in Adults in Tehran.

Background: Concurrent use of tobacco products such as cigarettes and water pipes may be associated with increased risk of nicotine dependence and smoking-related complications. Accurate statistics are not available regarding the prevalence of water pipe use or concurrent use of cigarettes and water pipe in the Iranian population. Thus, this study sought to assess the prevalence of concurrent use of cigarettes and water pipes and their related factors in Iran.

Reduced Phagocytic Capacity of Blood Monocyte/Macrophages in Tuberculosis Patients Is Further Reduced by Smoking.

Tuberculosis (TB) and tobacco use are two major alarming global health issues posing immense threats to human populations. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by activation of macrophages could induce the sequences of cells activation and releases of inflammatory cytokines such as CXCL-8, Il-12 and TNF-α which in turn induces the immune system network. However no information is available on other activity of cells by MTB and smoking.

Prevalence and Geographic Distribution Pattern of Asthma in Tehran by ECRHS.

Background: Asthma, involving 5-10% of global population, has a heterogeneous distribution in the community regardless of age and its prevalence and incidence tend to grow worldwide as reported by many recent epidemiologic surveys.

Materials And Methods: The present study aimed to survey the prevalence of asthma symptoms in Tehran as the first attempt in terms of situation analysis of the disease in the Iranian society by using relevant parts of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire.

Results: Wheezing was reported in 48% of males and 34% of females in the age range of 20-44 years, around 50% of which was associated with breathlessness or cold.

Burden of obstructive lung disease study in Tehran: Prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was ranked the sixth-most common cause of death worldwide in 1990, but now it is the third-most common cause. The goal of the present study was to assess the prevalence and determine the causes and risk factors of COPD in Tehran.

Materials And Methods: This study followed a stratified cluster sampling strategy with proportional allocation within strata.

Smoking and wound complications after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Background: The harmful effects of smoking on the postsurgical wound healing disturbances have been widely investigated across various surgical procedures. These effects after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery have been less explored. We aimed to investigate the association of smoking and the wound healing problems in post-CABG patients.

Interim Report from Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD Study) in Tehran: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) is estimated to rank fifth in burden of disease and third in terms of mortality by 2020 worldwide. It is characterized by chronic inflammation and non-fully reversible airflow obstruction, causing structural changes in the lungs that can be demonstrated by a post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio <70%.

Materials And Methods: The sampling frame of the current study was the population of Tehran, the capital of Iran with the current population of nearly 8.

Burden of obstructive lung disease study in tehran: research design and lung spirometry protocol.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) are planned to rank fifth in burden of disease and third with respect to mortality by 2020. Carrying out research regarding different aspects of COPD is mentioned as important health priorities by academic institutions and governments. The burden of lung disease (BOLD) Initiative was designed a decade ago to develop robust models that can be used to estimate the prevalence and current and future economic burden of COPD.

Cotinine level is associated with asthma severity in passive smoker children.

Asthma environmental triggers play important roles in severity of disease. Passive smoking could exacerbate asthma symptoms and enhance the decrease in lung function. Cotinine levels could be a reflection of passive exposure to the cigarette both in adults and pediatrics.

The determinants of high school students smoking habits with special focus on teachers smoking in Iran: a population based study.

Introduction: Approval of smoking by friends and teachers is likely to increase the probability of smoking by the students. This study aims to determine whether adolescent smoking is associated with teachers or other students smoking, after controlling for confounders.

Materials & Methods: In a cross sectional study, a representative sample of 4599 students in the third grade were selected from high schools in Tehran.

Efficacy of harm reduction programs among patients of a smoking cessation clinic in Tehran, Iran.

Background: Recently, harm reduction programs have been used to reduce mortality and morbidity among smokers. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of harm reduction programs on the smoking patterns of subjects who presented to a smoking cessation clinic in Tehran, Iran.

Methods: This observational study was conducted between September 2008-September 2009 on 132 patients who were unable to quit smoking.

Health Experts' Opinions about Tobacco Control Activities in Iran: Results from a Delphi Panel of National Experts.

Background: Iran signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control on June 16, 2003 and it was ratified by the parliament and the House of Representatives on November 6, 2005. Finally, it came into force on February 4, 2006. In this study, we aimed to evaluate health experts' opinion about tobacco control activities in Iran.

Comparison of spermatozoa quality in male smokers and nonsmokers of Iranian infertile couples.

Background: Smoking has a negative effect on fertility and sperm quality. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of smoking on sperm quality and the related parameters such as sperm concentration, morphology and motility.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 infertile men with at least one year history of idiopathic infertility, who admitted to the Avicenna Infertility Center, Tehran, Iran.