Faecal microbiota transplantation halts progression of human new-onset type 1 diabetes in a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterised by islet autoimmunity and beta cell destruction. A gut microbiota-immunological interplay is involved in the pathophysiology of T1D. We studied microbiota-mediated effects on disease progression in patients with type 1 diabetes using faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).

Impact of continuous glucose monitoring on quality of life, treatment satisfaction, and use of medical care resources: analyses from the SWITCH study.

To investigate the impact of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), treatment satisfaction (TS) medical resource use, and indirect costs in the SWITCH study. SWITCH was a multicentre, randomized, crossover study. Patients with type 1 diabetes (n = 153) using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) were randomized to a 12 month sensor-On/Off or sensor-Off/On sequence (6 months each treatment), with a 4-month washout between periods.

Cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism in appetite-related brain regions in type 1 diabetic patients after treatment with insulin detemir and NPH insulin: a randomized controlled crossover trial.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that insulin detemir, which is associated with less weight gain than other basal insulin formulations, exerts its weight-modulating effects by acting on brain regions involved in appetite regulation, as represented by altered cerebral blood flow (CBF) or cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRglu).

Research Design And Methods: Twenty-eight male type 1 diabetic patients (age 36.9 ± 9.

Compromised quality of life in patients with both Type 1 diabetes mellitus and coeliac disease.

Aims: Type 1 diabetes mellitus and coeliac disease are two chronic illnesses associated with each other. Both diseases and their treatments can seriously impair quality of life. The objective of the present study was to investigate health-related quality of life in adult patients diagnosed with both Type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease and compare this with healthy control subjects and control subjects who have Type 1 diabetes only.

The use and efficacy of continuous glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes treated with insulin pump therapy: a randomised controlled trial.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this multicentre, randomised, controlled crossover study was to determine the efficacy of adding continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to insulin pump therapy (CSII) in type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Children and adults (n = 153) on CSII with HbA(1c) 7.5-9.

Insulin resistance in multiple tissues in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus on long-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether insulin resistance is present in lean patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus on long-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), compared with matched healthy controls.

Methods: We studied eight patients (four men and four women) with type 1 diabetes mellitus on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and eight healthy controls, matched for age, gender and body mass index. Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies with infusion of [6,6-(2) H(2)] glucose.

Vesiculopustular dermatosis: an uncommon side-effect of liraglutide?

Liraglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist, a novel medication for type 2 diabetes. We describe a case of pustules in a patient recently started on liraglutide. Common side effects of liraglutide are gastrointestinal disorders.

Multicenter user evaluation of ACCU-CHEK® Combo, an integrated system for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate a newly developed system for insulin delivery incorporating a multifunctional blood glucose meter and a remotely controlled insulin pump (ACCU-CHEK® Combo system) in established pump users with type 1 diabetes. The technology was assessed both from device performance and subject usability perspectives.

Method: A multicenter, prospective, single group study was carried out in five centers in the Netherlands and four centers in the United Kingdom for more than 6 months.

Partial sleep restriction decreases insulin sensitivity in type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Sleep restriction results in decreased insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in healthy subjects. We hypothesized that sleep duration is also a determinant of insulin sensitivity in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We studied seven patients (three men, four women) with type 1 diabetes: mean age 44 +/- 7 years, BMI 23.

A reduction in severe hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes in a randomized crossover study of continuous intraperitoneal compared with subcutaneous insulin infusion.

Aim: Continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion (CIPII) with the DiaPort system using regular insulin was compared to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) using insulin Lispro, to investigate the frequency of hypoglycemia, blood glucose control, quality of life, and safety.

Methods: In this open, randomized, controlled, cross-over, multinational, 12-month study, 60 type 1 diabetic patients with frequent hypoglycemia and/or HbA1c > 7.0% with CSII were randomized to CIPII or CSII.

Functional brain connectivity and neurocognitive functioning in patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes with and without microvascular complications: a magnetoencephalography study.

Objective: Hyperglycemia-associated microvascular disease may underlie changes in cerebral functioning and cognitive performance in patients with type 1 diabetes. Functional connectivity, an indicator of functional interactions and information exchange between brain regions, provides a measure of cerebral functioning. This study addresses functional connectivity and cognition in type 1 diabetic patients with and without proliferative retinopathy, relative to healthy control subjects, using magnetoencephalography.

Determinants of daily insulin use in Type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Insulin need for a given degree of glucose control varies markedly among individuals. We examined which factors determine daily insulin use in patients with Type 1 diabetes.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 416 patients.

Safety of insulin glulisine when given by continuous subcutaneous infusion using an external pump in patients with type 1 diabetes.

This twelve-week, European, multicenter, controlled, open-label, randomized (1 : 1), parallel-group trial compared the safety of insulin glulisine with insulin as part used in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Patients with type 1 diabetes (n=59) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion experience (mean values: HbA1c 6.9 % [insulin glulisine: 6.

Cognitive performance, psychological well-being, and brain magnetic resonance imaging in older patients with type 1 diabetes.

Modest cognitive impairment has been reported in young-adult patients with type 1 diabetes. In older patients with type 2 diabetes, cognitive impairments are more pronounced, which might be due to age but also to differential effects of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes on the brain. This study therefore assessed cognitive performance and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in older type 1 diabetic patients.

Comparison of the effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and NPH-based multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) on glycaemic control and quality of life: results of the 5-nations trial.

Aims: The goal of the study was to determine whether continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) differs from a multiple daily injection (MDI) regimen based on neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) as basal insulin with respect to glycaemic control and quality of life in people with Type 1 diabetes.

Methods: The 5-Nations trial was a randomized, controlled, crossover trial conducted in 11 European centres. Two hundred and seventy-two patients were treated with CSII or MDI during a 2-month run-in period followed by a 6-month treatment period, respectively.

[Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion is sometimes a good choice in case of poorly regulated diabetes mellitus type I].

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) was initiated in 3 patients with diabetes mellitus type I who experienced difficulties with their glucose regulation: a woman aged 26 years and two men aged 56 and 41 years. 2 patients responded very well, while the third, the youngest man, did not benefit. Although interest in CSII has been growing in recent years, considerable uncertainty exists about which patients will benefit from it.

High cumulative insulin exposure: a risk factor of atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetes?

Background: Since insulin therapy might have an atherogenic effect, we studied the relationship between cumulative insulin dose and atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetes. We have focused on patients with type 1 diabetes instead of type 2 diabetes to minimise the effect of insulin resistance as a potential confounder.

Methods: An observational study was performed in 215 subjects with type 1 diabetes treated with multiple insulin injection therapy.

Quality of life and metabolic control in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or multiple daily insulin injections.

Objective: To assess the quality of life and metabolic control in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in comparison with patients on multiple daily insulin injections (MDII).

Research Design And Methods: The study included 49 patients (13 males, 36 females), aged 41.4+/-11.

Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure in the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) study.

Background And Aims: The Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) study showed that when antihypertensive treatment reduces diastolic blood pressure well below 90 mmHg, there can be a further reduction of cardiovascular events, particularly myocardial infarction, with no evidence of a J-shaped curve at lower pressures. Office measurement, however, gives no information about blood pressure outside the office. This paper describes a HOT substudy in which patients underwent both office measurement and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.

Optimized basal-bolus therapy using a fixed mixture of 75% lispro and 25% NPL insulin in type 1 diabetes patients: no favorable effects on glycemic control, physiological responses to hypoglycemia, well-being, or treatment satisfaction.

Objective: To investigate the effects of a multiple injection regimen with a mixture of 75% lispro and 25% intermediate-acting insulin (lispro high mixture [HM]) before meals on glycemic control, physiological responses to hypoglycemia, well-being, and treatment satisfaction.

Research Design And Methods: We studied 35 type 1 diabetes patients. After an 8- to 10-week lead-in period, patients were randomized to HM or human regular insulin therapy for 12-14 weeks.

Effect of BMI, insulin dose and number of injections on glycaemic control in insulin-using diabetic patients. Studygroup Diabetes Rijnmond (SDR).

Background: Strict glucose control is essential to the prevention of diabetic complications. The level of glycaemic control in insulin-treated patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in a routine clinical setting is not known.

Methods: In a cross-sectional survey comprising 8 hospitals in the Rijnmond area, The Netherlands, age, body mass index (BMI), insulin dose, number of injections, and HbA1c were scored in 712 patients with insulin-dependent DM (IDDM) and 462 patients with non-insulin-dependent DM (NIDDM).

The effect of GHRH on TSH release in rats in vivo and in vitro.

In man, GHRH has been shown to potentiate the TSH-releasing activity of TRH. To study the way by which GHRH affects TRH-stimulated TSH release, we examined the effect of GHRH (1-29)NH2 on basal and stimulated TSH secretion in intact male rats and superfused dispersed rat pituitary cells. In the intact rats, GHRH(1-29)NH2 potentiated TRH-stimulated TSH release in the evening, but potentiation was not observed in the morning and in dispersed pituitary cells.

Efficacy and safety of benazepril plus hydrochlorothiazide versus benazepril alone in hypertensive patients unresponsive to benazepril monotherapy.

A combination of benazepril 10 mg plus hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg once daily was investigated in the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension who had not responded to monotherapy with benazepril 10 mg. Patients failing to respond to 4 weeks of benazepril 10 mg/d were randomized to continue with the monotherapy (n = 47) or receive the combination therapy (n = 46).

Octreotide scintigraphy for the detection of paragangliomas.

Paragangliomas have neuroendocrine characteristics. We previously described successful in vivo visualization of various tumors of neuroendocrine origin after injection of the radiolabeled somatostatin analogue octreotide. In this study, we report the results of 111In-octreotide scintigraphy in 34 patients referred because of known paragangliomas or in whom a paraganglioma was suspected and compared the results of octreotide scintigraphy with the outcomes of other imaging techniques used in the diagnosis or follow-up of these patients.