Enhancing energy and nitrogen removal efficiency through automatic split injection and innovative aeration device: A study of low C/N ratio environments.

A new aeration device based on Bernoulli's principle, Jetventrumixer (JVM), was introduced into an aeration tank in denitrification process, which involved an automatic split injection system (ASIS) into two denitrification tanks every 10 minutes. Real-time monitoring of influent water allowed the calculation of the C/N ratio, enhancing the utilization efficiency of internal carbon sources while reducing the need for external carbon. The comparison of the JVM with the conventional air diffuser for 100 days operation showed that the removal efficiency for NH-N in both systems was approximately 98 %, but the nitrification efficiencies were 84 % and 80 %, respectively.

Decoupling ion concentrations from effluent conductivity profiles in capacitive and battery electrode deionizations using an artificial intelligence model.

Owing to its simplicity of measurement, effluent conductivity is one of the most studied factors in evaluations of desalination performance based on the ion concentrations in various ion adsorption processes such as capacitive deionization (CDI) or battery electrode deionization (BDI). However, this simple conversion from effluent conductivity to ion concentration is often incorrect, thereby necessitating a more congruent method for performing real-time measurements of effluent ion concentrations. In this study, a random forest (RF)-based artificial intelligence (AI) model was developed to address this shortcoming.

Field evaluation of carbon injection method for in-situ biological denitrification in groundwater using geochemical and metataxonomic analyses.

This study focuses on the bioremediation of nitrate-contaminated groundwater, which has become a significant environmental problem due to the increasing usage of fertilizers and sewage disposal. The nitrate reduction efficiencies of biological denitrification by injection of carbon source in a pilot-scale treatment system setup were investigated at a groundwater contamination site. The field test was conducted using acetate as a carbon source for 22 days to assess the nitrate reduction efficiencies of in-situ treatment.

Psychobiotics and fecal microbial transplantation for autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: microbiome modulation and therapeutic mechanisms.

Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is thought to be the developmental origins of the host's health and disease through the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis: such as immune-mediated, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and neurodevelopmental diseases. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders, and growing evidence indicates the contribution of the gut microbiome changes and imbalances to these conditions, pointing to the importance of considering the MGB axis in their treatment. This review summarizes the general knowledge of gut microbial colonization and development in early life and its role in the pathogenesis of ASD/ADHD, highlighting a promising therapeutic approach for ASD/ADHD through modulation of the gut microbiome using psychobiotics (probiotics that positively affect neurological function and can be applied for the treatment of psychiatric diseases) and fecal microbial transplantation (FMT).

Gut microbiome profiling of neonates using Nanopore MinION and Illumina MiSeq sequencing.

This study aimed to evaluate the difference in gut microbiomes between preterm and term infants using third-generation long-read sequencing (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, ONT) compared with an established gold standard, Illumina (second-generation short-read sequencing). A total of 69 fecal samples from 51 term (T) and preterm (P) infants were collected at 7 and 28 days of life. Gut colonization profiling was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using ONT.

The role and timing of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in acute biliary pancreatitis without cholangitis: A nationwide analysis.

Background/purpose: The role and optimal timing of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in acute biliary pancreatitis without cholangitis (ABPwoC) remains unclear. Using a large national database, we aimed to examine hospitalization outcomes of patients with ABPwoC as a function of the performance and timing of ERCP.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of adult patients with ABPwoC utilizing the National Inpatient Sample from 2016-2017.

Integrative biohydrogen- and biomethane-producing bioprocesses for comprehensive production of biohythane.

The production of biohythane, a combination of energy-dense hydrogen and methane, from the anaerobic digestion of low-cost organic wastes has attracted attention as a potential candidate for the transition to a sustainable circular economy. Substantial research has been initiated to upscale the process engineering to establish a hythane-based economy by addressing major challenges associated with the process and product upgrading. This review provides an overview of the feasibility of biohythane production in various anaerobic digestion systems (single-stage, dual-stage) and possible technologies to upgrade biohythane to hydrogen-enriched renewable natural gas.

Atypical cells in fine needle aspiration biopsies of pancreas: Causes, work-up, and recommendations for management.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a sensitive and specific method for diagnosing cancer in solid pancreatic masses. However, some cases receive indeterminate atypical diagnoses, which creates management dilemmas. In the 2014 Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology (PSC) standardized guidelines for pancreatobiliary cytology, specimens in the "Atypical" category show a spectrum of architectural and/or cellular changes beyond normal or reactive, but, quantitatively or qualitatively, insufficient for classification as neoplastic (benign/other), suspicious or positive for malignancy.

Accuracy of cytopathology evaluation for resected benign and malignant pancreatic disease.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is the preferred method for diagnosing pancreatic masses. While the diagnostic success of EUS-FNA is widely accepted, the actual performance of EUS-FNA is not known. This study sought to define the EUS-FNA accuracy compared with the gold standard, surgically resected specimens.

Cytological interpretation of p16 immunohistochemistry in head and neck carcinomas: does the choice of fixative matter?

Introduction: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of nodal metastases plays a key role in the diagnosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Because of significant clinical implications of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related OPSCC, immunohistochemistry for p16 as a surrogate marker for high-risk HPV is an important ancillary test. After our laboratory switched from CytoLyt to formalin fixative for FNA needle rinses generating cell block (CB) material, we investigated the impact of this protocol change on the accuracy of p16 results.

Predicting FOXM1-Mediated Gene Regulation through the Analysis of Genome-Wide FOXM1 Binding Sites in MCF-7, K562, SK-N-SH, GM12878 and ECC-1 Cell Lines.

Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) is a key transcription factor (TF) that regulates a common set of genes related to the cell cycle in various cell types. However, the mechanism by which FOXM1 controls the common gene set in different cellular contexts is unclear. In this study, a comprehensive meta-analysis of genome-wide FOXM1 binding sites in ECC-1, GM12878, K562, MCF-7, and SK-N-SH cell lines was conducted to predict FOXM1-driven gene regulation.

Tiotropium is Predicted to be a Promising Drug for COVID-19 Through Transcriptome-Based Comprehensive Molecular Pathway Analysis.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affects almost everyone in the world in many ways. We previously predicted antivirals (atazanavir, remdesivir and lopinavir/ritonavir) and non-antiviral drugs (tiotropium and rapamycin) that may inhibit the replication complex of SARS-CoV-2 using our molecular transformer-drug target interaction (MT-DTI) deep-learning-based drug-target affinity prediction model. In this study, we dissected molecular pathways upregulated in SARS-CoV-2-infected normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells by analyzing an RNA-seq data set with various bioinformatics approaches, such as gene ontology, protein-protein interaction-based network and gene set enrichment analyses.

Cytohistologic correlation of basaloid salivary gland neoplasms: Can cytomorphologic classification be used to diagnose and grade these tumors?

Background: Basaloid salivary gland neoplasms (BSNs), which include benign primary tumors and primary or metastatic malignancies, show overlapping morphology in fine-needle aspiration (FNA). The Milan system recommends assigning a grade (low or high) to malignant salivary neoplasms because of the impact on surgical planning. This study investigated cytomorphologic features of BSNs on FNA that would help to favor a high-grade malignancy over a low-grade malignancy or a benign tumor.

Bile duct involvement by hepatocellular carcinoma: A rare occurrence and poor prognostic indicator in bile duct brushing samples.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) rarely involves the biliary tree and may be inadvertently sampled on bile duct brushings (BDBs).

Methods: The pathology archives of 5 institutions were searched for BDBs with HCC involvement.

Results: A total of 17 BDBs from 14 patients were obtained.

CADM1 is a TWIST1-regulated suppressor of invasion and survival.

Metastatic cancer remains a clinical challenge; however, patients diagnosed prior to metastatic dissemination have a good prognosis. The transcription factor, TWIST1 has been implicated in enhancing the migration and invasion steps within the metastatic cascade, but the range of TWIST1-regulated targets is poorly described. In this study, we performed expression profiling to identify the TWIST1-regulated transcriptome of melanoma cells.

On the High Formability of AZ31-0.5Ca Magnesium Alloy.

In this work, we investigated the effect of Ca on the formability of the AZ31 Mg alloy. For this purpose, the microstructure, texture, mechanical properties and formability of AZ31 Mg alloy samples containing 0.5 wt.

E2F Reporting Reveals Efficacious Schedules of MEK1/2-CDK4/6 Targeting and mTOR-S6 Resistance Mechanisms.

Targeting cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) represents a therapeutic option in combination with BRAF inhibitor and/or MEK inhibitor (MEKi) in melanoma; however, continuous dosing elicits toxicities in patients. Using quantitative and temporal reporting, we show that continuous MEKi with intermittent CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) led to more complete tumor responses versus other combination schedules. Nevertheless, some tumors acquired resistance that was associated with enhanced phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 protein.

Cytologic features and clinical implications of undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclastic giant cells of the pancreas: An analysis of 15 cases.

Background: The cytologic features of undifferentiated pancreatic carcinoma with osteoclastic giant cells (UOC) are rarely described.

Methods: Cytologic and clinicopathologic characteristics in 15 UOC fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens were analyzed.

Results: FNA specimens were obtained from 6 men and 8 women with a mean age of 65 years who had UOCs (head, n = 7; body, n = 3; and tail, n = 4) with a mean radiologic size 7.

New Rust Disease of Korean Willow () Caused by , Unrecorded Pathogen in Korea.

During the growing season of 2015, leaf specimens with yellow rust spots were collected from Andersson, known as Korean willow, in riverine areas in Cheonan, Korea. The fungus on was identified as the rust species, , based on the morphology of urediniospores observed by light and scanning electron microscopy, and the molecular properties of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA region. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that the urediniospores are the causal agent of the rust symptoms on the leaves and young stems of .

Long-term production of bioethanol in repeated-batch fermentation of microalgal biomass using immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Separate hydrolysis fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification fermentation (SSF) processes were studied for bioethanol production from microalgal biomass. SSF was selected as an efficient process to enhance the bioethanol yield through repeated-batches using immobilized yeast cells. Combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis of Chlamydomonas mexicana generated 10.

The Use of a Novel Immunohistochemical Triple Cocktail in the Subclassification of Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinomas: A Comparative Study With Morphology and Traditional Immunohistochemistry.

Therapy for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is currently determined by histologic subtype and the presence or absence of actionable mutations. Accurate subclassification is therefore essential for appropriate selection of cases for molecular studies and guiding treatment. The gold standard for subclassification of NSCLC is identification of differentiating morphologic features in correlation with diagnostic immunohistochemistry (IHC) in cases of poorly differentiated carcinoma.